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As the basis of generative AI, an autoregressive model requires the generation of a new token depending on all the previously generated tokens, which brings high quality but also restricts the model to generate tokens one by one, forming a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Zixian Huang , Chenxu Niu , Yu Gu , Gengyang Xiao , Xinwei Huang , Gong Cheng

Numerous efforts have been made to extend the ``next token prediction'' paradigm to visual contents, aiming to create a unified approach for both image generation and understanding. Nevertheless, attempts to generate images through…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Zigang Geng , Yibing Wang , Yeyao Ma , Chen Li , Yongming Rao , Shuyang Gu , Zhao Zhong , Qinglin Lu , Han Hu , Xiaosong Zhang , Linus , Di Wang , Jie Jiang

Despite the high-quality results of text-to-image generation, stereotypical biases have been spotted in their generated contents, compromising the fairness of generative models. In this work, we propose to learn adaptive inclusive tokens to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Xinyu Hou , Xiaoming Li , Chen Change Loy

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated substantial value in unified text-image understanding and reasoning, primarily by converting images into sequences of patch-level tokens that align with their architectural…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Xinliang Zhang , Lei Zhu , Hangzhou He , Shuang Zeng , Ourui Fu , Jiakui Hu , Zhengjian Yao , Yanye Lu

Autoregressive (AR) image generators offer a language-model-friendly approach to image generation by predicting discrete image tokens in a causal sequence. However, unlike diffusion models, AR models lack a mechanism to refine previous…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Cheng Cheng , Lin Song , Di An , Yicheng Xiao , Xuchong Zhang , Hongbin Sun , Ying Shan

Existing large language models have to run K times to generate a sequence of K tokens. In this paper, we present RecycleGPT, a generative language model with fast decoding speed by recycling pre-generated model states without running the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Yufan Jiang , Qiaozhi He , Xiaomin Zhuang , Zhihua Wu , Kunpeng Wang , Wenlai Zhao , Guangwen Yang

Efficiently representing audio signals in a compressed latent space is critical for latent generative modelling. However, existing autoencoders often force a choice between continuous embeddings and discrete tokens. Furthermore, achieving…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Marco Pasini , Stefan Lattner , George Fazekas

Token compression expedites the training and inference of Vision Transformers (ViTs) by reducing the number of the redundant tokens, e.g., pruning inattentive tokens or merging similar tokens. However, when applied to downstream tasks,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-14 Shibo Jie , Yehui Tang , Jianyuan Guo , Zhi-Hong Deng , Kai Han , Yunhe Wang

Autoregressive decoding of large language models (LLMs) is memory bandwidth bounded, resulting in high latency and significant wastes of the parallel processing power of modern accelerators. Existing methods for accelerating LLM decoding…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Yichao Fu , Peter Bailis , Ion Stoica , Hao Zhang

There has been a lot of recent interest in designing neural network models to estimate a distribution from a set of examples. We introduce a simple modification for autoencoder neural networks that yields powerful generative models. Our…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-06-08 Mathieu Germain , Karol Gregor , Iain Murray , Hugo Larochelle

Text-to-image retrieval is a fundamental task in multimedia processing, aiming to retrieve semantically relevant cross-modal content. Traditional studies have typically approached this task as a discriminative problem, matching the text and…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2024-07-25 Yongqi Li , Hongru Cai , Wenjie Wang , Leigang Qu , Yinwei Wei , Wenjie Li , Liqiang Nie , Tat-Seng Chua

Accurate and effective discrete image tokenization is crucial for long image sequence processing. However, current methods rigidly compress all content at a fixed rate, ignoring the variable information density of images and leading to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Xiusheng Huang , Xin Jiang , Jun Zhao , Kang Liu , Yequan Wang

Transformer-based autoregressive models offer an efficient alternative to diffusion- and flow-matching-based approaches for generating 3D molecules. One challenge remains: standard transformer architectures require a sequential ordering of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Daniel Rose , Roxane Axel Jacob , Johannes Kirchmair , Thierry Langer

Real-time transmission of video over wireless networks remains highly challenging, even with advanced deep models, particularly under severe channel conditions such as limited bandwidth and weak connectivity. In this paper, we propose…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Zhenyu Liu , Yi Ma , Rahim Tafazolli , Zhi Ding

State-of-the-art neural machine translation models generate a translation from left to right and every step is conditioned on the previously generated tokens. The sequential nature of this generation process causes fundamental latency in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-07-01 Jungo Kasai , James Cross , Marjan Ghazvininejad , Jiatao Gu

Large autoregressive models can generate high-quality, high-resolution images but suffer from slow generation speed, because these models require hundreds to thousands of sequential forward passes for next-token prediction during inference.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Yao Teng , Zhihuan Jiang , Han Shi , Xian Liu , Xuefei Ning , Guohao Dai , Yu Wang , Zhenguo Li , Xihui Liu

Reaction prediction is a fundamental problem in computational chemistry. Existing approaches typically generate a chemical reaction by sampling tokens or graph edits sequentially, conditioning on previously generated outputs. These…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2021-02-08 Hangrui Bi , Hengyi Wang , Chence Shi , Jian Tang

Many 3D generative models rely on variational autoencoders (VAEs) to learn compact shape representations. However, existing methods encode all shapes into a fixed-size token, disregarding the inherent variations in scale and complexity…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Kangle Deng , Hsueh-Ti Derek Liu , Yiheng Zhu , Xiaoxia Sun , Chong Shang , Kiran Bhat , Deva Ramanan , Jun-Yan Zhu , Maneesh Agrawala , Tinghui Zhou

We present Infinity, a Bitwise Visual AutoRegressive Modeling capable of generating high-resolution, photorealistic images following language instruction. Infinity redefines visual autoregressive model under a bitwise token prediction…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Jian Han , Jinlai Liu , Yi Jiang , Bin Yan , Yuqi Zhang , Zehuan Yuan , Bingyue Peng , Xiaobing Liu

Text-to-speech (TTS) synthesis has seen renewed progress under the discrete modeling paradigm. Existing autoregressive approaches often rely on single-codebook representations, which suffer from significant information loss. Even with…