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Massive transformer-based models face several challenges, including slow and computationally intensive pre-training and over-parametrization. This paper addresses these challenges by proposing a versatile method called GQKVA, which…

Autoregressive decoding in large language models (LLMs) requires caching a growing list of past key-value (KV) pairs, making long-context inference a memory-bound problem. While recent methods have explored quantizing the cache, evicting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Harshil Vejendla

Efficient key-value (KV) cache compression is critical for scaling transformer-based Large Language Models (LLMs) in long sequences and resource-limited settings. Existing methods evict tokens based on their positions or importance scores,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Ziwei He , Jian Yuan , Haoli Bai , Jingwen Leng , Bo Jiang

Handling communication overhead in large-scale tensor-parallel training remains a critical challenge due to the dense, near-zero distributions of intermediate tensors, which exacerbate errors under frequent communication and introduce…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Man Liu , Xingchen Liu , Xingjian Tian , Bing Lu , Shengkay Lyu , Shengquan Yin , Wenjing Huang , Zheng Wei , Hairui Zhao , Guangming Tan , Dingwen Tao

Long-context ability, has become one of the most important iteration direction of next-generation Large Language Models, particularly in semantic understanding/reasoning, code agentic intelligence and recommendation system. However, the…

Large Language Models (LLMs) confront significant memory challenges due to the escalating KV cache with increasing sequence length. As a crucial technique, existing cross-layer KV cache sharing methods either necessitate modified model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Yixuan Wang , Haoyu Qiao , Lujun Li , Qingfu Zhu , Wanxiang Che

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have advanced unified reasoning over text, images, and videos, but their inference is hindered by the rapid growth of key-value (KV) caches. Each visual input expands into thousands of tokens,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Bowen Zeng , Feiyang Ren , Jun Zhang , Xiaoling Gu , Ke Chen , Lidan Shou , Huan Li

Following the success of dot-product attention in Transformers, numerous approximations have been recently proposed to address its quadratic complexity with respect to the input length. While these variants are memory and compute efficient,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Ankit Gupta , Guy Dar , Shaya Goodman , David Ciprut , Jonathan Berant

Despite exciting progress in pre-training for visual-linguistic (VL) representations, very few aspire to a small VL model. In this paper, we study knowledge distillation (KD) to effectively compress a transformer-based large VL model into a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-07 Zhiyuan Fang , Jianfeng Wang , Xiaowei Hu , Lijuan Wang , Yezhou Yang , Zicheng Liu

Video large language models (VideoLLMs) have demonstrated the capability to process longer video inputs and enable complex reasoning and analysis. However, due to the thousands of visual tokens from the video frames, the key-value (KV)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Keda Tao , Haoxuan You , Yang Sui , Can Qin , Huan Wang

Test-time adaptation with pre-trained vision-language models has attracted increasing attention for tackling distribution shifts during the test time. Though prior studies have achieved very promising performance, they involve intensive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-28 Adilbek Karmanov , Dayan Guan , Shijian Lu , Abdulmotaleb El Saddik , Eric Xing

Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have highlighted the critical importance of extending context length, yet the quadratic complexity of attention mechanisms poses significant challenges for efficient long-context modeling. KV…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Wanyun Cui , Mingwei Xu

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) are plagued by exorbitant inference costs attributable to the profusion of visual tokens within the vision encoder. The redundant visual tokens engenders a substantial computational load and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Jiedong Zhuang , Lu Lu , Ming Dai , Rui Hu , Jian Chen , Qiang Liu , Haoji Hu

As long-context language modeling becomes increasingly important, the cost of maintaining and attending to large Key/Value (KV) caches grows rapidly, becoming a major bottleneck in both training and inference. While prior works such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Dong Liu , Yanxuan Yu , Ben Lengerich , Ying Nian Wu

Large language model (LLM) inference demands significant amount of computation and memory, especially in the key attention mechanism. While techniques, such as quantization and acceleration algorithms, like FlashAttention, have improved…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Hao Kang , Srikant Bharadwaj , James Hensman , Tushar Krishna , Victor Ruhle , Saravan Rajmohan

To reduce memory consumption during LLM inference, prior works have proposed numerous methods that focus on KV cache pruning based on various criteria. While these techniques often accomplish lossless memory reduction on many datasets, they…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Xuanfan Ni , Liyan Xu , Chenyang Lyu , Longyue Wang , Mo Yu , Lemao Liu , Fandong Meng , Jie Zhou , Piji Li

Efficient inference with Large Language Models (LLMs) increasingly relies on Key-Value (KV) caches to store previously computed key and value vectors at each layer. These caches are essential to minimize redundant computation during…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Oteo Mamo , Olga Kogiou , Hyunjin Yi , Weikuan Yu

We present Top-Theta (Top-$\theta$) Attention, a training-free method for sparsifying transformer attention during inference. Our key insight is that static, per-head thresholds can be calibrated to retain the desired constant number of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Konstantin Berestizshevsky , Renzo Andri , Lukas Cavigelli

Recently, large language models (LLMs) have been able to handle longer and longer contexts. However, a context that is too long may cause intolerant inference latency and GPU memory usage. Existing methods propose mixed-precision…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Wei Tao , Bin Zhang , Xiaoyang Qu , Jiguang Wan , Jianzong Wang

Existing key-value (KV) cache compression methods typically rely on heuristics, such as uniform cache allocation across layers or static eviction policies, however, they ignore the critical interplays among layer-specific feature patterns…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Bohan Yu , Yekun Chai
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