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Related papers: Unfolding Spatial Cognition: Evaluating Multimodal…

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Large vision-language models (VLMs) still struggle with reliable 3D spatial reasoning, a core capability for embodied and physical AI systems. This limitation arises from their inability to capture fine-grained 3D geometry and spatial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Jian Zhang , Shijie Zhou , Bangya Liu , Achuta Kadambi , Zhiwen Fan

Spatial reasoning is a fundamental capability of multimodal large language models (MLLMs), yet their performance in open aerial environments remains underexplored. In this work, we present Open3D-VQA, a novel benchmark for evaluating MLLMs'…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Weichen Zhang , Zile Zhou , Xin Zeng , Xuchen Liu , Jianjie Fang , Chen Gao , Yong Li , Jinqiang Cui , Xinlei Chen , Xiao-Ping Zhang

Reliable spatial reasoning remains a core bottleneck for vision-language models (VLMs). Existing mainstream training paradigms for spatial reasoning largely rely on outcome alignment or process imitation, lacking explicit constraints on the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Jiangyang Li , Cong Wan , Changjie Wu , Songlin Dong , Lingjun Zhang , Linzhe Shi , Xu Wang , Zhiheng Ma , Hang Zhang , Mu Xu , Yihong Gong

The development of robust and generalisable models for encoding the spatio-temporal dynamics of human brain activity is crucial for advancing neuroscientific discoveries. However, significant individual variation in the organisation of the…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-12 Simon Dahan , Logan Z. J. Williams , Yourong Guo , Daniel Rueckert , Emma C. Robinson

Large Vision Language Models (VLMs) have long struggled with spatial reasoning tasks. Surprisingly, even simple spatial reasoning tasks, such as recognizing "under" or "behind" relationships between only two objects, pose significant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Shiqi Chen , Tongyao Zhu , Ruochen Zhou , Jinghan Zhang , Siyang Gao , Juan Carlos Niebles , Mor Geva , Junxian He , Jiajun Wu , Manling Li

While Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have achieved impressive performance on semantic tasks, their spatial intelligence--crucial for robust and grounded AI systems--remains underdeveloped. Existing benchmarks fall short of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Mingrui Wu , Zhaozhi Wang , Fangjinhua Wang , Jiaolong Yang , Marc Pollefeys , Tong Zhang

Spatial tracing, as a fundamental embodied interaction ability for robots, is inherently challenging as it requires multi-step metric-grounded reasoning compounded with complex spatial referring and real-world metric measurement. However,…

Trying to be effective (no matter who exactly and in what field) a person face the problem which inevitably destroys all our attempts to easily get to a desired goal. The problem is the existence of some insuperable barriers for our mind,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-11-17 Kirill A. Sorudeykin

Time series classification is a task of paramount importance, as this kind of data often arises in safety-critical applications. However, it is typically tackled with black-box deep learning methods, making it hard for humans to understand…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Irene Ferfoglia , Simone Silvetti , Gaia Saveri , Laura Nenzi , Luca Bortolussi

Humans are born with vision-based 4D spatial-temporal intelligence, which enables us to perceive and reason about the evolution of 3D space over time from purely visual inputs. Despite its importance, this capability remains a significant…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Xingyilang Yin , Chengzhengxu Li , Jiahao Chang , Chi-Man Pun , Xiaodong Cun

Despite remarkable progress, multimodal foundation models still exhibit surprising deficiencies in spatial intelligence. In this work, we explore scaling up multimodal foundation models to cultivate spatial intelligence within the…

Recent supervised fine-tuning (SFT) approaches have significantly improved language models' performance on mathematical reasoning tasks, even when models are trained at a small scale. However, the specific capabilities enhanced through such…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Yiyou Sun , Georgia Zhou , Haoyue Bai , Hao Wang , Dacheng Li , Nouha Dziri , Dawn Song

Spatial reasoning over three-dimensional scenes is a core capability for embodied intelligence, yet continuous model improvement remains bottlenecked by the cost of geometric annotation. The self-evolving paradigm offers a promising path,…

Vision Language Models (VLMs) extend remarkable capabilities of text-only large language models and vision-only models, and are able to learn from and process multi-modal vision-text input. While modern VLMs perform well on a number of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Hannah Sterz , Jonas Pfeiffer , Ivan Vulić

Diffusion Language Models (DLMs) enable parallel decoding via iterative denoising, where remasking strategies play a critical role in balancing inference speed and output quality. Existing methods predominantly rely on static confidence…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Xinhao Sun , Huaijin Zhao , Maoliang Li , Zihao Zheng , Jiayu Chen , Yun Liang , Xiang Chen

Spatial reasoning is a crucial component of both biological and artificial intelligence. In this work, we present a comprehensive study of the capability of current state-of-the-art large language models (LLMs) on spatial reasoning. To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Md Imbesat Hassan Rizvi , Xiaodan Zhu , Iryna Gurevych

Recent advances in vision-language models (VLMs) have enabled powerful multimodal reasoning, but state-of-the-art approaches typically rely on extremely large models with prohibitive computational and memory requirements. This makes their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Abdarahmane Traore , Éric Hervet , Andy Couturier

We argue that progress in true multimodal intelligence calls for a shift from reactive, task-driven systems and brute-force long context towards a broader paradigm of supersensing. We frame spatial supersensing as four stages beyond…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Shusheng Yang , Jihan Yang , Pinzhi Huang , Ellis Brown , Zihao Yang , Yue Yu , Shengbang Tong , Zihan Zheng , Yifan Xu , Muhan Wang , Daohan Lu , Rob Fergus , Yann LeCun , Li Fei-Fei , Saining Xie

While chains-of-thought (CoT) have advanced complex reasoning in multimodal large language models (MLLMs), existing methods remain confined to text or static visual domains, often faltering in dynamic spatial reasoning tasks. To bridge this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Siqu Ou , Hongcheng Liu , Pingjie Wang , Yusheng Liao , Chuan Xuan , Yanfeng Wang , Yu Wang

Spatial reasoning in 3D space is central to human cognition and indispensable for embodied tasks such as navigation and manipulation. However, state-of-the-art vision-language models (VLMs) struggle frequently with tasks as simple as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Yuncong Yang , Jiageng Liu , Zheyuan Zhang , Siyuan Zhou , Reuben Tan , Jianwei Yang , Yilun Du , Chuang Gan