Related papers: Patterns Within the Markov Tree

The Doeblin Graph of a countable state space Markov chain describes the joint pathwise evolutions of the Markov dynamics starting from all possible initial conditions, with two paths coalescing when they reach the same point of the state…

The solvability of Diophantine quartic equations is a contemporary area of interest due to its connection with generalized Fermat's equation. In this work, we are interested in the integer solutions of a similar Diophantine equation p u^2 =…

Phylogenetic invariants are certain polynomials in the joint probability distribution of a Markov model on a phylogenetic tree. Such polynomials are of theoretical interest in the field of algebraic statistics and they are also of practical…

It is well known that the Collatz Conjecture can be reinterpreted as the Collatz Graph with root vertex 1, asking whether all positive integers are within the tree generated. It is further known that any cycle in the Collatz Graph can be…

We revisit, in a self contained way, the Markov property on planar maps and decorated planar maps from three perspectives. First, we characterize the laws on these planar maps that satisfy both the Markov property and rerooting invariance,…

Let A,K be positive integers and u=-2,-1,1 or 2. The main contribution of the paper is a proof that each of the D(u^2)-triples {K,A^2K+2uA,(A+1)^2K+2u(A+1)} has unique extension to a D(u^2)-quadruple.

For different reversible Markov kernels on finite state spaces, we look for families of probability measures for which the time evolution almost remains in their convex hull. Motivated by signal processing problems and metastability studies…

In this paper, we systematically study generalized Markov numbers arising from semigroups of reduced integer matrices. This construction allows us to find these numbers by counting perfect matchings of a new family of bipartite graphs,…

All integer solutions $\left(M,a,c\right)$ to the problem of the sums of $M$ consecutive cubed integers $\left(a+i\right)^{3}$ ($a>1$, $0\leq i\leq M-1$) equaling squared integers $c^{2}$ are found by decomposing the product of the…

It is a well-known fact that genetic sequences may contain sections with repeated units, called repeats, that differ in length over a population, with a length distribution of geometric type. A simple class of recombination models with…

We use Dirichlet form methods to construct and analyze a reversible Markov process, the stationary distribution of which is the Brownian continuum random tree. This process is inspired by the subtree prune and regraft (SPR) Markov chains…

This paper explores the intricate relationships between Lucas numbers and Diophantine equations, offering significant contributions to the field of number theory. We first establish that the equation regarding Lucas number $L_n = 3x^2$ has…

A Piatetski-Shapiro sequence with exponent $\alpha$ is a sequence of integer parts of $n^\alpha$ $(n = 1,2,\ldots)$ with a non-integral $\alpha > 0$. We let $\mathrm{PS}(\alpha)$ denote the set of those terms. In this article, we study the…

In two phase materials, each phase having a non-local response in time, it has been found that for some driving fields the response somehow untangles at specific times, and allows one to directly infer useful information about the geometry…

The last in-tree recognition problem asks whether a given spanning tree can be derived by connecting each vertex with its rightmost left neighbor of some search ordering. In this study, we demonstrate that the last-in-tree recognition…

Finding polynomial solutions to Pell's equation is of interest as such solutions sometimes allow the fundamental units to be determined in an infinite class of real quadratic fields. In this paper, for each triple of positive integers…

In this note, we consider general growth-fragmentation equations from a probabilistic point of view. Using Foster-Lyapunov techniques, we study the recurrence of the associated Markov process depending on the growth and fragmentation rates.…

We review a recent development at the interface between discrete mathematics on one hand and probability theory and statistics on the other, specifically the use of Markov chains and their boundary theory in connection with the asymptotics…

Let (a,b,c) be a primitive Pythagorean triple, i.e., a^{2}+b^{2}=c^{2} with gcd(a,b,c)=1, a even and b odd. Terai's conjecture says that the Diophantine equation x^{2}+b^{y}=c^{z} has only the positive integer solutions (x,y,z)=(a,2,2). In…

Decision trees are commonly used predictive models due to their flexibility and interpretability. This paper is directed at quantifying the uncertainty of decision tree predictions by employing a Bayesian inference approach. This is…