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The rampant proliferation of large language models, fluent enough to generate text indistinguishable from human-written language, gives unprecedented importance to the detection of machine-generated text. This work is motivated by an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Xiao Pu , Jingyu Zhang , Xiaochuang Han , Yulia Tsvetkov , Tianxing He

We consider the problem of distinguishing human-written creative fiction (excerpts from novels) from similar text generated by an LLM. Our results show that, while human observers perform poorly (near chance levels) on this binary…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Minerva Suvanto , Andrea McGlinchey , Mattias Wahde , Peter J Barclay

As large language models (LLMs) become increasingly prevalent, reliable methods for detecting AI-generated text are critical for mitigating potential risks. We introduce DependencyAI, a simple and interpretable approach for detecting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Sara Ahmed , Tracy Hammond

As Large Language Models (LLMs) become increasingly prevalent, their generated outputs are proliferating across the web, risking a future where machine-generated content dilutes human-authored text. Since online data is the primary resource…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 George Drayson , Emine Yilmaz , Vasileios Lampos

Recently, generative AIs like ChatGPT have become available to the wide public. These tools can for instance be used by students to generate essays or whole theses. But how does a teacher know whether a text is written by a student or an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Lorenz Mindner , Tim Schlippe , Kristina Schaaff

While historical considerations surrounding text authenticity revolved primarily around plagiarism, the advent of large language models (LLMs) has introduced a new challenge: distinguishing human-authored from AI-generated text. This shift…

As advanced modern systems like deep neural networks (DNNs) and generative AI continue to enhance their capabilities in producing convincing and realistic content, the need to distinguish between user-generated and machine generated content…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-01 Yaqi Xie , Anjali Rawal , Yujing Cen , Dixuan Zhao , Sunil K Narang , Shanu Sushmita

Large language models (LLMs) present significant risks when used to generate non-factual content and spread disinformation at scale. Detecting such LLM-generated content is crucial, yet current detectors often struggle to generalize in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Ran Li , Wei Hao , Weiliang Zhao , Junfeng Yang , Chengzhi Mao

AI-generated content is becoming increasingly prevalent in the real world, leading to serious ethical and societal concerns. For instance, adversaries might exploit large multimodal models (LMMs) to create images that violate ethical or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-14 Hongchao Fang , Yixin Liu , Jiangshu Du , Can Qin , Ran Xu , Feng Liu , Lichao Sun , Dongwon Lee , Lifu Huang , Wenpeng Yin

The advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) has enabled the generation of text that increasingly exhibits human-like characteristics. As the detection of such content is of significant importance, substantial research has been conducted with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Aldan Creo , Shushanta Pudasaini

Due to the rapid development of large language models, people increasingly often encounter texts that may start as written by a human but continue as machine-generated. Detecting the boundary between human-written and machine-generated…

ChatGPT has become a global sensation. As ChatGPT and other Large Language Models (LLMs) emerge, concerns of misusing them in various ways increase, such as disseminating fake news, plagiarism, manipulating public opinion, cheating, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-06 Alessandro Pegoraro , Kavita Kumari , Hossein Fereidooni , Ahmad-Reza Sadeghi

Sensitive information detection is crucial in content moderation to maintain safe online communities. Assisting in this traditionally manual process could relieve human moderators from overwhelming and tedious tasks, allowing them to focus…

Detecting text generated by modern large language models is thought to be hard, as both LLMs and humans can exhibit a wide range of complex behaviors. However, we find that a score based on contrasting two closely related language models is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Abhimanyu Hans , Avi Schwarzschild , Valeriia Cherepanova , Hamid Kazemi , Aniruddha Saha , Micah Goldblum , Jonas Geiping , Tom Goldstein

While machine-generated texts (MGTs) offer great convenience, they also pose risks such as disinformation and phishing, highlighting the need for reliable detection. Metric-based methods, which extract statistically distinguishable features…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Chenwang Wu , Yiu-ming Cheung , Shuhai Zhang , Bo Han , Defu Lian

With generative artificial intelligence driving the growth of dialogic data in education, automated coding is a promising direction for learning analytics to improve efficiency. This surge highlights the need to understand the nuances of…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Zijian Li , Luzhen Tang , Mengyu Xia , Xinyu Li , Naping Chen , Dragan Gašević , Yizhou Fan

The robustness of AI-content detection models against sophisticated adversarial strategies, such as paraphrasing or word switching, is a rising concern in natural language generation (NLG) applications. This study proposes ToBlend, a novel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Fan Huang , Haewoon Kwak , Jisun An

The rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has revolutionized text generation but also raised concerns about potential misuse, making detecting LLM-generated text (AI text) increasingly essential. While prior work has focused on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Nafis Irtiza Tripto , Saranya Venkatraman , Mahjabin Nahar , Dongwon Lee

Existing machine-generated text (MGT) detection methods implicitly assume labels as the "golden standard". However, we reveal boundary ambiguity in MGT detection, implying that traditional training paradigms are inexact. Moreover,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Chenwang Wu , Yiu-ming Cheung , Bo Han , Defu Lian

With the increasing prevalence of text generated by large language models (LLMs), there is a growing concern about distinguishing between LLM-generated and human-written texts in order to prevent the misuse of LLMs, such as the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Xiaoyan Qu , Xiangfeng Meng