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Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved human-level fluency in text generation, making it difficult to distinguish between human-written and LLM-generated texts. This poses a growing risk of misuse of LLMs and demands the development of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Ryuto Koike , Masahiro Kaneko , Naoaki Okazaki

The widespread adoption of Large Language Models and publicly available ChatGPT has marked a significant turning point in the integration of Artificial Intelligence into people's everyday lives. The academic community has taken notice of…

Large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT have exhibited remarkable performance in generating human-like texts. However, machine-generated texts (MGTs) may carry critical risks, such as plagiarism issues, misleading information, or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-01 Shuhai Zhang , Yiliao Song , Jiahao Yang , Yuanqing Li , Bo Han , Mingkui Tan

We study the problem of determining whether a piece of text has been authored by a human or by a large language model (LLM). Existing state of the art logits-based detectors make use of statistics derived from the log-probability of the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Hongyi Zhou , Jin Zhu , Pingfan Su , Kai Ye , Ying Yang , Shakeel A O B Gavioli-Akilagun , Chengchun Shi

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional performance on a range of downstream NLP tasks by generating text that closely resembles human writing. However, the ease of achieving this similarity raises concerns from potential…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Beining Xu , Arkaitz Zubiaga

The detection of machine-generated text, especially from large language models (LLMs), is crucial in preventing serious social problems resulting from their misuse. Some methods train dedicated detectors on specific datasets but fall short…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Yibo Miao , Hongcheng Gao , Hao Zhang , Zhijie Deng

The challenge of separating AI-generated text from human-authored content is becoming more urgent as generative AI technologies like ChatGPT become more widely available. In this work, we address this issue by looking at both the detection…

With the increasing quality and spread of LLM assistants, the amount of generated content is growing rapidly. In many cases and tasks, such texts are already indistinguishable from those written by humans, and the quality of generation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Irina Tolstykh , Aleksandra Tsybina , Sergey Yakubson , Aleksandr Gordeev , Vladimir Dokholyan , Maksim Kuprashevich

The self-attention revolution allowed generative language models to scale and achieve increasingly impressive abilities. Such models - commonly referred to as Large Language Models (LLMs) - have recently gained prominence with the general…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-19 Da Silva Gameiro Henrique , Andrei Kucharavy , Rachid Guerraoui

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable performance in various tasks and have been extensively utilized by the public. However, the increasing concerns regarding the misuse of LLMs, such as plagiarism and spamming, have led to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-16 Ning Lu , Shengcai Liu , Rui He , Qi Wang , Yew-Soon Ong , Ke Tang

As large language models (LLMs) become more advanced, it is increasingly difficult to distinguish between human-written and AI-generated text. This paper draws a conceptual parallel between quantum uncertainty and the limits of authorship…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Aadil Gani Ganie

The increasing availability of large language models (LLMs) has raised concerns about their potential misuse in online learning. While tools for detecting LLM-generated text exist and are widely used by researchers and educators, their…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Shambhavi Bhushan , Danielle R Thomas , Conrad Borchers , Isha Raghuvanshi , Ralph Abboud , Erin Gatz , Shivang Gupta , Kenneth Koedinger

In recent times, large language models (LLMs) have made significant strides in generating computer code, blurring the lines between code created by humans and code produced by artificial intelligence (AI). As these technologies evolve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Marc Oedingen , Raphael C. Engelhardt , Robin Denz , Maximilian Hammer , Wolfgang Konen

With the rise of prolific ChatGPT, the risk and consequences of AI-generated text has increased alarmingly. To address the inevitable question of ownership attribution for AI-generated artifacts, the US Copyright Office released a statement…

The rapid development of large language models (LLMs), like ChatGPT, has resulted in the widespread presence of LLM-generated content on social media platforms, raising concerns about misinformation, data biases, and privacy violations,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Zihao Cheng , Li Zhou , Feng Jiang , Benyou Wang , Haizhou Li

The autonomous decision-making process, which is increasingly applied to computer systems, requires that the choices made by these systems align with human values. In this context, systems must assess how well their decisions reflect human…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Eduardo de la Cruz Fernández , Marcelo Karanik , Sascha Ossowski

The misuse of large language models (LLMs) requires precise detection of synthetic text. Existing works mainly follow binary or ternary classification settings, which can only distinguish pure human/LLM text or collaborative text at best.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Yang Li , Qiang Sheng , Zhengjia Wang , Yehan Yang , Danding Wang , Juan Cao

The rapid advancements in large language models (LLMs) have significantly improved their ability to generate natural language, making texts generated by LLMs increasingly indistinguishable from human-written texts. While recent research has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Sergio E. Zanotto , Segun Aroyehun

The rapid advancement of image generation technologies intensifies the demand for interpretable and robust detection methods. Although existing approaches often attain high accuracy, they typically operate as black boxes without providing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Yikun Ji , Hong Yan , Jun Lan , Huijia Zhu , Weiqiang Wang , Qi Fan , Liqing Zhang , Jianfu Zhang

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has made machine-generated text increasingly difficult to distinguish from human-written text. While recent studies explore leveraging internal representations of language models to…

Applications · Statistics 2026-05-14 Luxu Liang , Xiang Li
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