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With the rapid development of Large language models (LLMs), understanding the capabilities of LLMs in identifying unsafe content has become increasingly important. While previous works have introduced several benchmarks to evaluate the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Hengxiang Zhang , Hongfu Gao , Qiang Hu , Guanhua Chen , Lili Yang , Bingyi Jing , Hongxin Wei , Bing Wang , Haifeng Bai , Lei Yang

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is a holistic medical system with millennia of accumulated clinical experience, playing a vital role in global healthcare-particularly across East Asia. However, the implicit reasoning, diverse textual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Shufeng Kong , Xingru Yang , Yuanyuan Wei , Zijie Wang , Hao Tang , Jiuqi Qin , Shuting Lan , Yingheng Wang , Junwen Bai , Zhuangbin Chen , Zibin Zheng , Caihua Liu , Hao Liang

Purpose: The rapid emergence of large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT has significantly impacted foreign language education, yet their pedagogical grammar competence remains under-assessed. This paper introduces CPG-EVAL, the first…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Dong Wang

This paper introduces the "CIVICS: Culturally-Informed & Values-Inclusive Corpus for Societal impacts" dataset, designed to evaluate the social and cultural variation of Large Language Models (LLMs) across multiple languages and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Giada Pistilli , Alina Leidinger , Yacine Jernite , Atoosa Kasirzadeh , Alexandra Sasha Luccioni , Margaret Mitchell

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate outstanding capabilities, but challenges remain regarding their ability to solve complex reasoning tasks, as well as their transparency, robustness, truthfulness, and ethical alignment. In this…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Konstantin Hebenstreit , Robert Praas , Matthias Samwald

Recent advances in large audio language models (LALMs) have greatly enhanced multimodal conversational systems. However, existing benchmarks remain limited -- they are mainly English-centric, rely on synthetic speech, and lack…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Jiliang Hu , Wenfu Wang , Zuchao Li , Chenxing Li , Yiyang Zhao , Hanzhao Li , Liqiang Zhang , Meng Yu , Dong Yu

As large language models (LLMs) become more powerful and pervasive across society, ensuring these systems are beneficial, safe, and aligned with human values is crucial. Current alignment techniques, like Constitutional AI (CAI), involve…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Matthew Brophy

Artificial intelligence (AI) is advancing at a pace that raises urgent questions about how to align machine decision-making with human moral values. This working paper investigates how leading AI systems prioritize moral outcomes and what…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Eoin O'Doherty , Nicole Weinrauch , Andrew Talone , Uri Klempner , Xiaoyuan Yi , Xing Xie , Yi Zeng

The alignment of large language models (LLMs) with human values is critical for their safe and effective deployment across diverse user populations. However, existing benchmarks often neglect cultural and demographic diversity, leading to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Yao Liang , Dongcheng Zhao , Feifei Zhao , Guobin Shen , Yuwei Wang , Dongqi Liang , Yi Zeng

Large language models (LLMs) have emerged as a powerful technology, and thus, we have seen widespread adoption and use on software engineering teams. Most often, LLMs are designed as "general purpose" technologies meant to represent the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Brittany Johnson , Erin Reddick , Angela D. R. Smith

Large language models (LLMs) have performed remarkably well in various natural language processing tasks by benchmarking, including in the Western medical domain. However, the professional evaluation benchmarks for LLMs have yet to be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Wenjing Yue , Xiaoling Wang , Wei Zhu , Ming Guan , Huanran Zheng , Pengfei Wang , Changzhi Sun , Xin Ma

The handwriting of Chinese characters is a fundamental aspect of learning the Chinese language. Previous automated assessment methods often framed scoring as a regression problem. However, this score-only feedback lacks actionable guidance,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Chen Zheng , Yuxuan Lai , Haoyang Lu , Wentao Ma , Jitao Yang , Jian Wang

Multi-modal large language models(MLLMs) have achieved remarkable progress and demonstrated powerful knowledge comprehension and reasoning abilities. However, the mastery of domain-specific knowledge, which is essential for evaluating the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-09 Zheqi He , Xinya Wu , Pengfei Zhou , Richeng Xuan , Guang Liu , Xi Yang , Qiannan Zhu , Hua Huang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly tasked with analyzing legal texts and citing relevant statutes, yet their reliability is often compromised by general pre-training that ingests legal texts without specialized focus, obscuring…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Xinzhe Xu , Liang Zhao , Hongshen Xu , Chen Chen

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in domains requiring moral understanding, yet their reasoning often remains shallow, and misaligned with human reasoning. Unlike humans, whose moral reasoning integrates contextual…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Mohna Chakraborty , Lu Wang , David Jurgens

The rapid integration of Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) into critical domains necessitates comprehensive moral evaluation to ensure their alignment with human values. While extensive research has addressed moral evaluation in LLMs,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Bei Yan , Jie Zhang , Zhiyuan Chen , Shiguang Shan , Xilin Chen

Classical Chinese Understanding (CCU) holds significant value in preserving and exploration of the outstanding traditional Chinese culture. Recently, researchers have attempted to leverage the potential of Large Language Models (LLMs) for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Jiahuan Cao , Yongxin Shi , Dezhi Peng , Yang Liu , Lianwen Jin

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated advanced reasoning capabilities, their comprehensive evaluation in general Chinese-language contexts remains understudied. To bridge this gap, we propose Chinese Commonsense Multi-hop…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Wangjie You , Xusheng Wang , Xing Wang , Wenxiang Jiao , Chao Feng , Juntao Li , Min Zhang

Cultural Intelligence (CQ) refers to the ability to understand unfamiliar cultural contexts, a crucial skill for large language models (LLMs) to effectively engage with globally diverse users. Existing studies often focus on explicitly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Ziyi Liu , Priyanka Dey , Jen-tse Huang , Zhenyu Zhao , Bowen Jiang , Rahul Gupta , Yang Liu , Yao Du , Jieyu Zhao

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in sensitive applications including psychological support, healthcare, and high-stakes decision-making. This expansion has motivated growing research into the ethical and moral…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Erica Coppolillo , Emilio Ferrara
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