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As Large Language Models (LLMs) increasingly influence high-stakes decision-making across global contexts, ensuring their alignment with diverse cultural values has become a critical governance challenge. This study presents a Multi-Layered…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Haijiang Liu , Jinguang Gu , Xun Wu , Daniel Hershcovich , Qiaoling Xiao

With the rapid evolution of large language models (LLMs), there is a growing concern that they may pose risks or have negative social impacts. Therefore, evaluation of human values alignment is becoming increasingly important. Previous work…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-20 Guohai Xu , Jiayi Liu , Ming Yan , Haotian Xu , Jinghui Si , Zhuoran Zhou , Peng Yi , Xing Gao , Jitao Sang , Rong Zhang , Ji Zhang , Chao Peng , Fei Huang , Jingren Zhou

Value alignment is central to the development of safe and socially compatible artificial intelligence. However, how Large Language Models (LLMs) represent and enact human values in real-world decision contexts remains under-explored. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Jen-tse Huang , Jiantong Qin , Xueli Qiu , Sharon Levy , Michelle R. Kaufman , Mark Dredze

What a large language model (LLM) would respond in ethically relevant context? In this paper, we curate a large benchmark CMoralEval for morality evaluation of Chinese LLMs. The data sources of CMoralEval are two-fold: 1) a Chinese TV…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Linhao Yu , Yongqi Leng , Yufei Huang , Shang Wu , Haixin Liu , Xinmeng Ji , Jiahui Zhao , Jinwang Song , Tingting Cui , Xiaoqing Cheng , Tao Liu , Deyi Xiong

Despite the impressive performance of large language models (LLMs), they can present unintended biases and harmful behaviors driven by encoded values, emphasizing the urgent need to understand the value mechanisms behind them. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Ling Hu , Yuemei Xu , Xiaoyang Gu , Letao Han

Ensuring that Large Language Models (LLMs) align with the diverse and evolving human values across different regions and cultures remains a critical challenge in AI ethics. Current alignment approaches often yield superficial conformity…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Jiahao Wang , Songkai Xue , Jinghui Li , Xiaozhen Wang

The widespread adoption of large language models (LLMs) across various regions underscores the urgent need to evaluate their alignment with human values. Current benchmarks, however, fall short of effectively uncovering safety…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Kexin Huang , Xiangyang Liu , Qianyu Guo , Tianxiang Sun , Jiawei Sun , Yaru Wang , Zeyang Zhou , Yixu Wang , Yan Teng , Xipeng Qiu , Yingchun Wang , Dahua Lin

Given the importance of ancient Chinese in capturing the essence of rich historical and cultural heritage, the rapid advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) necessitate benchmarks that can effectively evaluate their understanding of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Yuting Wei , Yuanxing Xu , Xinru Wei , Simin Yang , Yangfu Zhu , Yuqing Li , Di Liu , Bin Wu

As large language models (LLMs) are employed worldwide, existing evaluation paradigms for their multilingual capabilities primarily focus on factual task performance, neglecting the ability to judge content's deep-level values across…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Yukun Chen , Xinyu Zhang , Boyi Deng , Jialong Tang , Yu Wan , Fei Huang , Yuxi Zhou , Baosong Yang , Yiming Li

With the wide application of large language models (LLMs), the problems of bias and value inconsistency in sensitive domains have gradually emerged, especially in terms of race, society and politics. In this paper, we propose an adversarial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Yuan Gao , Zhigang Liu , Xinyu Yao , Bo Chen , Xiaobing Zhao

The proliferation of large language models (LLMs) requires robust evaluation of their alignment with local values and ethical standards, especially as existing benchmarks often reflect the cultural, legal, and ideological values of their…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Gwenyth Isobel Meadows , Nicholas Wai Long Lau , Eva Adelina Susanto , Chi Lok Yu , Aditya Paul

In this paper, we present Edu-Values, the first Chinese education values evaluation benchmark that includes seven core values: professional philosophy, teachers' professional ethics, education laws and regulations, cultural literacy,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Peiyi Zhang , Yazhou Zhang , Bo Wang , Lu Rong , Prayag Tiwari , Jing Qin

New NLP benchmarks are urgently needed to align with the rapid development of large language models (LLMs). We present C-Eval, the first comprehensive Chinese evaluation suite designed to assess advanced knowledge and reasoning abilities of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Yuzhen Huang , Yuzhuo Bai , Zhihao Zhu , Junlei Zhang , Jinghan Zhang , Tangjun Su , Junteng Liu , Chuancheng Lv , Yikai Zhang , Jiayi Lei , Yao Fu , Maosong Sun , Junxian He

As Large Language Models (LLMs) achieve remarkable breakthroughs, aligning their values with humans has become imperative for their responsible development and customized applications. However, there still lack evaluations of LLMs values…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Jing Yao , Xiaoyuan Yi , Shitong Duan , Jindong Wang , Yuzhuo Bai , Muhua Huang , Peng Zhang , Tun Lu , Zhicheng Dou , Maosong Sun , Xing Xie

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly employed in software engineering tasks such as requirements elicitation, design, and evaluation, raising critical questions regarding their alignment with human judgments on responsible AI…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Asma Yamani , Malak Baslyman , Moataz Ahmed

Ensuring cultural values alignment in Large Language Models (LLMs) remains a critical challenge, as these models often embed Western-centric biases from their training data, leading to misrepresentations and fairness concerns in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Wonduk Seo , Zonghao Yuan , Yi Bu

Big models have greatly advanced AI's ability to understand, generate, and manipulate information and content, enabling numerous applications. However, as these models become increasingly integrated into everyday life, their inherent…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Xiaoyuan Yi , Jing Yao , Xiting Wang , Xing Xie

As the scaling of Large Language Models (LLMs) has dramatically enhanced their capabilities, there has been a growing focus on the alignment problem to ensure their responsible and ethical use. While existing alignment efforts predominantly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Yuhang Wang , Yanxu Zhu , Chao Kong , Shuyu Wei , Xiaoyuan Yi , Xing Xie , Jitao Sang

The rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has attracted much attention to value alignment for their responsible development. However, how to define values in this context remains a largely unexplored question. Existing work…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Jing Yao , Xiaoyuan Yi , Xiting Wang , Yifan Gong , Xing Xie

Holistically measuring societal biases of large language models is crucial for detecting and reducing ethical risks in highly capable AI models. In this work, we present a Chinese Bias Benchmark dataset that consists of over 100K questions…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-29 Yufei Huang , Deyi Xiong
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