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Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances Large Language Models (LLMs) by incorporating external, domain-specific data into the generative process. While LLMs are highly capable, they often rely on static, pre-trained datasets, limiting…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Aniruddha Salve , Saba Attar , Mahesh Deshmukh , Sayali Shivpuje , Arnab Mitra Utsab

Networks in the current 5G and beyond systems increasingly carry heterogeneous traffic with diverse quality-of-service constraints, making real-time routing decisions both complex and time-critical. A common approach, such as a heuristic…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Sebastian Racedo , Brigitte Jaumard , Oscar Delgado , Meysam Masoudi

Cooperative multi-agent problems often require coordination between agents, which can be achieved through a centralized policy that considers the global state. Multi-agent policy gradient (MAPG) methods are commonly used to learn such…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-08-03 Xubo Lyu , Amin Banitalebi-Dehkordi , Mo Chen , Yong Zhang

Reinforcement learning (RL) emerges as a promising data-driven approach for adaptive traffic signal control (ATSC) in complex urban traffic networks, with deep neural networks substantially augmenting its learning capabilities. However,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Yuli Zhang , Shangbo Wang , Dongyao Jia , Pengfei Fan , Ruiyuan Jiang , Hankang Gu , Andy H. F. Chow

Adapting a single agent to a new multi-agent system brings challenges, necessitating adjustments across various tasks, environments, and interactions with unknown teammates and opponents. Addressing this challenge is highly complex, and…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Chenxu Wang , Yonggang Jin , Cheng Hu , Youpeng Zhao , Zipeng Dai , Jian Zhao , Shiyu Huang , Liuyu Xiang , Junge Zhang , Zhaofeng He

Efficient information dissemination is crucial for supporting critical operations across domains like disaster response, autonomous vehicles, and sensor networks. This paper introduces a Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) approach as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-22 Raffaele Galliera , Kristen Brent Venable , Matteo Bassani , Niranjan Suri

Consider a typical organization whose worker agents seek to collectively cooperate for its general betterment. However, each individual agent simultaneously seeks to act to secure a larger chunk than its co-workers of the annual increment…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-19 Keyang He , Bikramjit Banerjee , Prashant Doshi

Offline multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) aims to learn effective multi-agent policies from pre-collected datasets, which is an important step toward the deployment of multi-agent systems in real-world applications. However, in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-02 Qi Tian , Kun Kuang , Furui Liu , Baoxiang Wang

In real-world environments, autonomous agents rely on their egocentric observations. They must learn adaptive strategies to interact with others who possess mixed motivations, discernible only through visible cues. Several Multi-Agent…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Violet Xiang , Logan Cross , Jan-Philipp Fränken , Nick Haber

There are several real-world tasks that would benefit from applying multiagent reinforcement learning (MARL) algorithms, including the coordination among self-driving cars. The real world has challenging conditions for multiagent learning…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2020-02-19 Rose E. Wang , Michael Everett , Jonathan P. How

This work proposes a neural network architecture that learns policies for multiple agent classes in a heterogeneous multi-agent reinforcement setting. The proposed network uses directed labeled graph representations for states, encodes…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-10-22 Douglas De Rizzo Meneghetti , Reinaldo Augusto da Costa Bianchi

Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) has emerged as a powerfulparadigm for cooperative decision-making in connected autonomous vehicles(CAVs); however, existing approaches often fail to guarantee stability, optimality,and…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2025-11-25 Mazyar Taghavi , Javad Vahidi

Recent renewed interest in multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) has generated an impressive array of techniques that leverage deep reinforcement learning, primarily actor-critic architectures, and can be applied to a limited range of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-21 Keyang He , Prashant Doshi , Bikramjit Banerjee

Reaching consensus is key to multi-agent coordination. To accomplish a cooperative task, agents need to coherently select optimal joint actions to maximize the team reward. However, current cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-06 Liangzhou Wang , Kaiwen Zhu , Fengming Zhu , Xinghu Yao , Shujie Zhang , Deheng Ye , Haobo Fu , Qiang Fu , Wei Yang

In edge computing systems, autonomous agents must make fast local decisions while competing for shared resources. Existing MARL methods often resume to centralized critics or frequent communication, which fail under limited observability…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Andrea Fox , Francesco De Pellegrini , Eitan Altman

Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) optimizes strategic interactions in non-cooperative dynamic games, where agents have misaligned objectives. However, data-driven methods such as multi-agent policy gradients (MA-PG) often suffer…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-13 Jingqi Li , Gechen Qu , Jason J. Choi , Somayeh Sojoudi , Claire Tomlin

This paper investigates the model-based methods in multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL). We specify the dynamics sample complexity and the opponent sample complexity in MARL, and conduct a theoretic analysis of return discrepancy upper…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-18 Weinan Zhang , Xihuai Wang , Jian Shen , Ming Zhou

Efforts in this paper seek to combine graph theory with adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) as a reinforcement learning (RL) framework to determine forward-in-time, real-time, approximate optimal controllers for distributed multi-agent…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-07-25 Rushikesh Kamalapurkar , Huyen Dinh , Patrick Walters , Warren Dixon

Effective agent coordination is crucial in cooperative Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL). While agent cooperation can be represented by graph structures, prevailing graph learning methods in MARL are limited. They rely solely on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Wei Duan , Jie Lu , Junyu Xuan

Recent advances in multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) have demonstrated success in numerous challenging domains and environments, but typically require specialized models for each task. In this work, we propose a coherent methodology…

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