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Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate remarkable capabilities but remain limited by their reliance on static training data. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) addresses this constraint by retrieving external knowledge during inference,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Xingda Lyu , Gongfu Lyu , Zitai Yan , Yuxin Jiang

While Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has been swiftly adopted in scientific and clinical QA systems, a comprehensive evaluation benchmark in the medical domain is lacking. To address this gap, we introduce the Medical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Liz Li , Wei Zhu

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has become a key paradigm for knowledge-intensive question answering. However, existing multi-hop RAG systems remain inefficient, as they alternate between retrieval and reasoning at each step, resulting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Hao Yang , Zhiyu Yang , Xupeng Zhang , Wei Wei , Yunjie Zhang , Lin Yang

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems offer a promising approach to reduce hallucinations and improve answer accuracy in large language models (LLMs), a requirement for reliable, financial analysis where answers must be grounded in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Magnus Samuelsen , Wilmer Nyström , Somnath Mazumdar , Mansoor Hussain , Mikkel Strange

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) significantly improves the factuality of Large Language Models (LLMs), yet standard pipelines often lack mechanisms to verify inter- mediate reasoning, leaving them vulnerable to hallucinations in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Eeham Khan , Luis Rodriguez , Marc Queudot

Large language models (LLMs) still struggle with multi-hop reasoning over knowledge-graphs (KGs), and we identify a previously overlooked structural reason for this difficulty: Transformer attention heads naturally specialize in distinct…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Jinliang Liu , Jiale Bai , Shaoning Zeng

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities across natural language processing tasks. However, their application to specialized domains such as medicine and biology requires further optimization to ensure factual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Seonok Kim

Reinforcement learning (RL) based on the final answer's reward has driven recent progress in small language models (SLMs) on reasoning-heavy tasks such as math and code. However, applying the same techniques to retrieval-augmented…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Abhinav Java , Srivathsan Koundinyan , Nagarajan Natarajan , Amit Sharma

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) lifts the factuality of Large Language Models (LLMs) by injecting external knowledge, yet it falls short on problems that demand multi-step inference; conversely, purely reasoning-oriented approaches…

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) methods can enhance the performance of LLMs by incorporating retrieved knowledge chunks into the generation process. In general, the retrieval and generation steps usually have different requirements for…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Peiru Yang , Xintian Li , Zhiyang Hu , Jiapeng Wang , Jinhua Yin , Huili Wang , Lizhi He , Shuai Yang , Shangguang Wang , Yongfeng Huang , Tao Qi

Biomedical retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) can ground LLM answers in medical literature, yet long-form outputs often contain isolated unsupported or contradictory claims with safety implications. We introduce MedRAGChecker, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Yuelyu Ji , Min Gu Kwak , Hang Zhang , Xizhi Wu , Chenyu Li , Yanshan Wang

Financial documents--such as 10-Ks, 10-Qs, and investor presentations--span hundreds of pages and combine diverse modalities, including dense narrative text, structured tables, and complex figures. Answering questions over such content…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Chinmay Gondhalekar , Urjitkumar Patel , Fang-Chun Yeh

Recent literature highlights the potential of graph-based approaches within large language model (LLM) retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) pipelines for answering queries of varying complexity, particularly those that fall outside the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Isabela Iacob , Melisa Marian , Gheorghe Cosmin Silaghi

This paper introduces uRAG--a framework with a unified retrieval engine that serves multiple downstream retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems. Each RAG system consumes the retrieval results for a unique purpose, such as open-domain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-02 Alireza Salemi , Hamed Zamani

Misdiagnosis causes significant harm to healthcare systems worldwide, leading to increased costs and patient risks. MedRAG is a smart multimodal healthcare copilot equipped with powerful large language model (LLM) reasoning, designed to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Xuejiao Zhao , Siyan Liu , Su-Yin Yang , Chunyan Miao

In this paper, I present our work on DeepRAG, a specialized embedding model we built specifically for Hindi language in RAG systems. While LLMs have gotten really good at generating text, their performance in retrieval tasks still depends…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Nandakishor M

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems enhance large language models (LLMs) by integrating external knowledge sources, enabling more accurate and contextually relevant responses tailored to user needs. However, existing RAG systems…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Zirui Guo , Lianghao Xia , Yanhua Yu , Tu Ao , Chao Huang

Multi-hop Question Answering (QA) is a challenging task since it requires an accurate aggregation of information from multiple context paragraphs and a thorough understanding of the underlying reasoning chains. Recent work in multi-hop QA…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-02 Kaige Xie , Sarah Wiegreffe , Mark Riedl

We present a comprehensive framework for enhancing Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems through dynamic retrieval strategies and reinforcement fine-tuning. This approach significantly improves large language models on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Sakhinana Sagar Srinivas , Akash Das , Shivam Gupta , Venkataramana Runkana

With Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) becoming more and more prominent in generative AI solutions, there is an emerging need for systematically evaluating their effectiveness. We introduce the LiveRAG benchmark, a publicly available…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-19 David Carmel , Simone Filice , Guy Horowitz , Yoelle Maarek , Alex Shtoff , Oren Somekh , Ran Tavory