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Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (SNE) methods minimize the divergence between the similarity matrix of a high-dimensional data set and its counterpart from a low-dimensional embedding, leading to widely applied tools for data visualization.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-09-13 Yao Lu , Jukka Corander , Zhirong Yang

t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) is one of the most widely used dimensionality reduction methods for data visualization, but it has a perplexity hyperparameter that requires manual selection. In practice, proper tuning of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-08-11 Yanshuai Cao , Luyu Wang

We introduce an improved unsupervised clustering protocol specially suited for large-scale structured data. The protocol follows three steps: a dimensionality reduction of the data, a density estimation over the low dimensional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-05 Joan Garriga , Frederic Bartumeus

This study presents a pipeline leveraging t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) for interpretable visualizations of chirp features across diverse outcome scenarios. The dataset, comprising chirp-based temporal, spectral, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Nooshin Bahador , Milad Lankarany

Multimodal relational data analysis has become of increasing importance in recent years, for exploring across different domains of data, such as images and their text tags obtained from social networking services (e.g., Flickr). A variety…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-05 Morihiro Mizutani , Akifumi Okuno , Geewook Kim , Hidetoshi Shimodaira

Progressive Visual Analytics aims at improving the interactivity in existing analytics techniques by means of visualization as well as interaction with intermediate results. One key method for data analysis is dimensionality reduction, for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-06-17 Nicola Pezzotti , Boudewijn P. F. Lelieveldt , Laurens van der Maaten , Thomas Höllt , Elmar Eisemann , Anna Vilanova

T-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (tSNE) is a popular and prize-winning approach for dimensionality reduction and visualizing high-dimensional data. However, tSNE is non-parametric: once visualization is built, tSNE is not…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-08-17 Andrey Boytsov , Francois Fouquet , Thomas Hartmann , Yves LeTraon

Running machine learning analytics over geographically distributed datasets is a rapidly arising problem in the world of data management policies ensuring privacy and data security. Visualizing high dimensional data using tools such as…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-11-13 Viska Wei , Nikita Ivkin , Vladimir Braverman , Alexander Szalay

t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) is a well-established visualization method for complex high-dimensional data. However, the original t-SNE method is nonparametric, stochastic, and often cannot well prevserve the global…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-01-14 Zixia Zhou , Yuanyuan Wang , Boudewijn P. F. Lelieveldt , Qian Tao

Large photometric surveys provide a rich source of observations of quiescent galaxies, including a surprisingly large population at z>1. However, identifying large, but clean, samples of quiescent galaxies has proven difficult because of…

Neighbor Embedding (NE) aims to preserve pairwise similarities between data items and has been shown to yield an effective principle for data visualization. However, even the best existing NE methods such as Stochastic Neighbor Embedding…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-15 Zhirong Yang , Yuwei Chen , Denis Sedov , Samuel Kaski , Jukka Corander

We extend a well-known dimension reduction method, t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE), from non-parametric to parametric by training neural networks. The main advantage of a parametric technique is the generalization of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-01 Chien-Hsun Lai , Yu-Shuen Wang

Dimensional data reduction methods are fundamental to explore and visualize large data sets. Basic requirements for unsupervised data exploration are simplicity, flexibility and scalability. However, current methods show complex…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-03 Joan Garriga , Frederic Bartumeus

Most existing graph visualization methods based on dimension reduction are limited to relatively small graphs due to performance issues. In this work, we propose a novel dimension reduction method for graph visualization, called…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Xinyu Li , Yao Xiao , Yuchen Zhou

Stochastic neighbor embedding (SNE) and related nonlinear manifold learning algorithms achieve high-quality low-dimensional representations of similarity data, but are notoriously slow to train. We propose a generic formulation of embedding…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-06-22 Max Vladymyrov , Miguel Carreira-Perpinan

The paper presents an O(N log N)-implementation of t-SNE -- an embedding technique that is commonly used for the visualization of high-dimensional data in scatter plots and that normally runs in O(N^2). The new implementation uses…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2013-03-11 Laurens van der Maaten

Conditional t-SNE (ct-SNE) is a recent extension to t-SNE that allows removal of known cluster information from the embedding, to obtain a visualization revealing structure beyond label information. This is useful, for example, when one…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-12 Edith Heiter , Bo Kang , Ruth Seurinck , Jefrey Lijffijt

High-dimensional imaging is becoming increasingly relevant in many fields from astronomy and cultural heritage to systems biology. Visual exploration of such high-dimensional data is commonly facilitated by dimensionality reduction.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-04 Alexander Vieth , Anna Vilanova , Boudewijn Lelieveldt , Elmar Eisemann , Thomas Höllt

In deep neural nets, lower level embedding layers account for a large portion of the total number of parameters. Tikhonov regularization, graph-based regularization, and hard parameter sharing are approaches that introduce explicit biases…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-06 Liwei Wu , Shuqing Li , Cho-Jui Hsieh , James Sharpnack

Dimensionality reduction and manifold learning methods such as t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) are routinely used to map high-dimensional data into a 2-dimensional space to visualize and explore the data. However, two…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-27 Bo Kang , Darío García García , Jefrey Lijffijt , Raúl Santos-Rodríguez , Tijl De Bie