Barnes-Hut-SNE
Machine Learning
2013-03-11 v2 Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Machine Learning
Abstract
The paper presents an O(N log N)-implementation of t-SNE -- an embedding technique that is commonly used for the visualization of high-dimensional data in scatter plots and that normally runs in O(N^2). The new implementation uses vantage-point trees to compute sparse pairwise similarities between the input data objects, and it uses a variant of the Barnes-Hut algorithm - an algorithm used by astronomers to perform N-body simulations - to approximate the forces between the corresponding points in the embedding. Our experiments show that the new algorithm, called Barnes-Hut-SNE, leads to substantial computational advantages over standard t-SNE, and that it makes it possible to learn embeddings of data sets with millions of objects.
Cite
@article{arxiv.1301.3342,
title = {Barnes-Hut-SNE},
author = {Laurens van der Maaten},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:1301.3342},
year = {2013}
}