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We study the emergence of cooperative behaviors in reinforcement learning agents by introducing a challenging competitive multi-agent soccer environment with continuous simulated physics. We demonstrate that decentralized, population-based…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-05-21 Siqi Liu , Guy Lever , Josh Merel , Saran Tunyasuvunakool , Nicolas Heess , Thore Graepel

Training agents in cooperative settings offers the promise of AI agents able to interact effectively with humans (and other agents) in the real world. Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) has the potential to achieve this goal,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-16 Jaleh Zand , Jack Parker-Holder , Stephen J. Roberts

The learning process of a reinforcement learning (RL) agent remains poorly understood beyond the mathematical formulation of its learning algorithm. To address this gap, we introduce attention-oriented metrics (ATOMs) to investigate the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Charlotte Beylier , Simon M. Hofmann , Nico Scherf

Increasing interest in integrating advanced robotics within manufacturing has spurred a renewed concentration in developing real-time scheduling solutions to coordinate human-robot collaboration in this environment. Traditionally, the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-06-30 Zheyuan Wang , Matthew Gombolay

Existing online learning algorithms for adversarial Markov Decision Processes achieve ${O}(\sqrt{T})$ regret after $T$ rounds of interactions even if the loss functions are chosen arbitrarily by an adversary, with the caveat that the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Tiancheng Jin , Junyan Liu , Chloé Rouyer , William Chang , Chen-Yu Wei , Haipeng Luo

Dialogue systems are usually built on either generation-based or retrieval-based approaches, yet they do not benefit from the advantages of different models. In this paper, we propose a Retrieval-Enhanced Adversarial Training (REAT) method…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-05-24 Qingfu Zhu , Lei Cui , Weinan Zhang , Furu Wei , Ting Liu

For problems requiring cooperation, many multiagent systems implement solutions among either individual agents or across an entire population towards a common goal. Multiagent teams are primarily studied when in conflict; however,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-01 David Radke , Kate Larson , Tim Brecht

We study a multi-agent imitation learning (MAIL) problem where we take the perspective of a learner attempting to coordinate a group of agents based on demonstrations of an expert doing so. Most prior work in MAIL essentially reduces the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Jingwu Tang , Gokul Swamy , Fei Fang , Zhiwei Steven Wu

Relational networks within a team play a critical role in the performance of many real-world multi-robot systems. To successfully accomplish tasks that require cooperation and coordination, different agents (e.g., robots) necessitate…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Yasin Findik , Hamid Osooli , Paul Robinette , Kshitij Jerath , S. Reza Ahmadzadeh

In the future, artificial learning agents are likely to become increasingly widespread in our society. They will interact with both other learning agents and humans in a variety of complex settings including social dilemmas. We argue that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-02-22 Tobias Baumann

Practitioners conducting adaptive experiments often encounter two competing priorities: maximizing total welfare (or `reward') through effective treatment assignment and swiftly concluding experiments to implement population-wide…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Chao Qin , Daniel Russo

A central challenge in multi-agent reinforcement learning is enabling agents to adapt to previously unseen teammates in a zero-shot fashion. Prior work in zero-shot coordination often follows a two-stage process, first generating a diverse…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Andrew Ni , Simon Stepputtis , Stefanos Nikolaidis , Michael Lewis , Katia P. Sycara , Woojun Kim

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as "agents" for decision-making (DM) in interactive and dynamic environments. Yet, since they were not originally designed for DM, recent studies show that LLMs can struggle even in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Chanwoo Park , Ziyang Chen , Asuman Ozdaglar , Kaiqing Zhang

Unsupervised skill discovery aims to learn diverse and distinguishable behaviors in open-ended reinforcement learning. For existing methods, they focus on improving diversity through pure exploration, mutual information optimization, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-27 He Zhang , Ming Zhou , Shaopeng Zhai , Ying Sun , Hui Xiong

As robots become ubiquitous in the workforce, it is essential that human-robot collaboration be both intuitive and adaptive. A robot's quality improves based on its ability to explicitly reason about the time-varying (i.e. learning curves)…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-07-10 Ruisen Liu , Manisha Natarajan , Matthew Gombolay

The creation and destruction of agents in cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) is a critically under-explored area of research. Current MARL algorithms often assume that the number of agents within a group remains fixed…

Regret minimization is treated as the golden rule in the traditional study of online learning. However, regret minimization algorithms tend to converge to the static optimum, thus being suboptimal for changing environments. To address this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-07 Lijun Zhang , Shiyin Lu , Tianbao Yang

When developing reinforcement learning agents, the standard approach is to train an agent to converge to a fixed policy that is as close to optimal as possible for a single fixed reward function. If different agent behaviour is required in…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2021-01-29 David O'Callaghan , Patrick Mannion

Imitation learning is a promising paradigm for training robot agents; however, standard approaches typically require substantial data acquisition -- via numerous demonstrations or random exploration -- to ensure reliable performance.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Hanbit Oh , Masaki Murooka , Tomohiro Motoda , Ryoichi Nakajo , Yukiyasu Domae

In this work, our goal is to train agents that can coordinate with seen, unseen as well as human partners in a multi-agent communication environment involving natural language. Previous work using a single set of agents has shown great…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Abhinav Gupta , Marc Lanctot , Angeliki Lazaridou