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One of the rapidly emerging services for fifth-generation (5G)-Advanced is eXtended Reality (XR) which combines several immersive experiences and cloud gaming services. Those services are demanding as they call for relatively high data…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-10-27 Pouria Paymard , Abolfazl Amiri , Troels E. Kolding , Klaus I. Pedersen

Within a few years of its introduction, QUIC has gained traction: a significant chunk of traffic is now delivered over QUIC. The networking community is actively engaged in debating the fairness, performance, and applicability of QUIC for…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2018-10-23 Mirko Palmer , Thorben Krüger , Balakrishnan Chandrasekaran , Anja Feldmann

Immersive volumetric video streaming in extended reality (XR) demands ultra-low motion-to-photon (MTP) latency, which conventional edge-centric architectures struggle to meet due to per-frame computationally intensive rendering tightly…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Yao Wen , Luping Xiang , Kun Yang

There has been growing interest in using the QUIC transport protocol for the Internet of Things (IoT). In lossy and high latency networks, QUIC outperforms TCP and TLS. Since IoT greatly differs from traditional networks in terms of…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Darius Saif , Ashraf Matrawy

Extended Reality (XR) has stringent throughput and delay requirements that are hard to meet with current wireless technologies. Missing these requirements can lead to worsened picture quality, perceived lag between user input and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Marc Carrascosa-Zamacois , Lorenzo Galati-Giordano , Francesc Wilhelmi , Gianluca Fontanesi , Anders Jonsson , Giovanni Geraci , Boris Bellalta

Extended Reality (XR) is an important service in the 5G network and in future 6G networks. In contrast to traditional video on demand services, real-time XR video is transmitted frame-by-frame, requiring low latency and being highly…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Guangjin Pan , Shugong Xu , Shunqing Zhang , Xiaojing Chen , Yanzan Sun

Live video streaming is increasingly popular on social media platforms. With the growth of live streaming comes an increased need for robust content moderation to remove dangerous, illegal, or otherwise objectionable content. Whereas video…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Andrew C. Freeman

Cloud-based Virtual Reality (VR) streaming presents significant challenges for 802.11 networks due to its high throughput and low latency requirements. When multiple VR users share a Wi-Fi network, the resulting uplink and downlink traffic…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Ferran Maura , Francesc Wilhelmi , Boris Bellalta

The Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP)-based real-time communications (RTC) applications, exemplified by video conferencing, have experienced an unparalleled surge in popularity and development in recent years. In pursuit of optimizing…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Tailai Song , Paolo Garza , Michela Meo , Maurizio Matteo Munafò

The quality of experience (QoE) requirements of wireless Virtual Reality (VR) can only be satisfied with high data rate, high reliability, and low VR interaction latency. This high data rate over short transmission distances may be achieved…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-07-28 Xiaonan Liu , Yansha Deng , Chong Han , Marco Di Renzo

360-degree video provides an immersive 360-degree viewing experience and has been widely used in many areas. The 360-degree video live streaming systems involve capturing, compression, uplink (camera to video server) and downlink (video…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2020-01-13 Jie Li , Ransheng Feng , Zhi Liu , Wei Sun , Qiyue Li

Point clouds are a promising video representation for virtual and augmented reality. Their high-bitrate, however, has so far limited the practicality of live streaming systems. In this work, we leverage the delivery timeout feature within…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Andrew Freeman , Michael Rudolph , Amr Rizk

Streaming rendered content is an attractive way to bring high-quality graphics to billions of mobile devices that do not have sufficient rendering power. Existing solutions render content on a server at a fixed frame rate, typically 30 or…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-13 Yaru Liu , Joseph G. March , Rafal K. Mantiuk

Over the past few years, eXtended Reality (XR) has attracted increasing interest thanks to its extensive industrial and commercial applications, and its popularity is expected to rise exponentially over the next decade. However, the…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Mattia Lecci , Federico Chiariotti , Matteo Drago , Andrea Zanella , Michele Zorzi

The quality of experience (QoE) delivered by video conferencing systems to end users depends in part on correctly estimating the capacity of the bottleneck link between the sender and the receiver over time. Bandwidth estimation for…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Sami Khairy , Gabriel Mittag , Vishak Gopal , Francis Y. Yan , Zhixiong Niu , Ezra Ameri , Scott Inglis , Mehrsa Golestaneh , Ross Cutler

Existing performance comparisons of QUIC and TCP compared an optimized QUIC to an unoptimized TCP stack. By neglecting available TCP improvements inherently included in QUIC, comparisons do not shed light on the performance of current web…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2019-06-19 Konrad Wolsing , Jan Rüth , Klaus Wehrle , Oliver Hohlfeld

The increase in the demand for eXtended Reality (XR)/Virtual Reality (VR) services in the recent years, poses a great challenge for Wi-Fi networks to maintain the strict latency requirements. In VR over Wi-Fi, latency is a significant…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-08-19 Seyedeh Soheila Shaabanzadeh , Marc Carrascosa-Zamacois , Juan Sánchez-González , Costas Michaelides , Boris Bellalta

Low-Earth Orbit satellites have gained momentum to provide Internet connectivity, augmenting those in the long-established geostationary orbits. At the same time, QUIC has been developed as the new transport protocol for the web. While QUIC…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-05-02 Mike Kosek , Hendrik Cech , Vaibhav Bajpai , Jörg Ott

The increased use of video conferencing applications (VCAs) has made it critical to understand and support end-user quality of experience (QoE) by all stakeholders in the VCA ecosystem, especially network operators, who typically do not…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-11-10 Taveesh Sharma , Tarun Mangla , Arpit Gupta , Junchen Jiang , Nick Feamster

Mobile Augmented Reality (MAR) mixes physical environments with user-interactive virtual annotations. Immersive MAR experiences are supported by computation-intensive tasks which rely on offloading mechanisms to ease device workloads.…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-06-05 Jacky Cao , Xiang Su , Benjamin Finley , Pengyuan Zhou , Pan Hui