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Large language models (LLMs) have dramatically enhanced the field of language intelligence, as demonstrably evidenced by their formidable empirical performance across a spectrum of complex reasoning tasks. Additionally, theoretical proofs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Zhuosheng Zhang , Yao Yao , Aston Zhang , Xiangru Tang , Xinbei Ma , Zhiwei He , Yiming Wang , Mark Gerstein , Rui Wang , Gongshen Liu , Hai Zhao

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in natural language tasks requiring complex reasoning, yet their application in agentic, multi-step reasoning within interactive environments remains a difficult challenge.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-15 Pranav Putta , Edmund Mills , Naman Garg , Sumeet Motwani , Chelsea Finn , Divyansh Garg , Rafael Rafailov

Human cognition, driven by complex neurochemical processes, oscillates between imagination and reality and learns to self-correct whenever such subtle drifts lead to hallucinations or unsafe associations. In recent years, LLMs have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Sharanya Dasgupta , Arkaprabha Basu , Sujoy Nath , Swagatam Das

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) have significantly improved problem-solving through explicit Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning. However, this capability creates a Safety-Helpfulness Paradox: the reasoning process itself can be misused to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Xin Gao , Shaohan Yu , Zerui Chen , Yueming Lyu , Weichen Yu , Guanghao Li , Jiyao Liu , Jianxiong Gao , Jian Liang , Ziwei Liu , Chenyang Si

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved impressive performance across diverse natural language processing tasks, but their growing power also amplifies potential risks such as jailbreak attacks that circumvent built-in safety mechanisms.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Qinjian Zhao , Jiaqi Wang , Zhiqiang Gao , Zhihao Dou , Belal Abuhaija , Kaizhu Huang

Agentic AI represents a major shift in how autonomous systems reason, plan, and execute multi-step tasks through the coordination of Large Language Models (LLMs), Vision Language Models (VLMs), tools, and external services. While these…

As large language models (LLMs) continue to advance in capabilities, ensuring their safety against jailbreak attacks remains a critical challenge. In this paper, we introduce a novel safety alignment approach called Answer-Then-Check, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Chentao Cao , Xiaojun Xu , Bo Han , Hang Li

We introduce AgenticSimLaw, a role-structured, multi-agent debate framework that provides transparent and controllable test-time reasoning for high-stakes tabular decision-making tasks. Unlike black-box approaches, our courtroom-style…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Jon Chun , Kathrine Elkins , Yong Suk Lee

Large Language Models (LLMs) leverage chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting to provide step-by-step rationales, improving performance on complex tasks. Despite its benefits, vanilla CoT often fails to fully verify intermediate inferences and can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Manish Sanwal

Long-horizon reasoning in LLM-based agents often fails not from generative weakness but from insufficient verification of intermediate reasoning. Co-Sight addresses this challenge by turning reasoning into a falsifiable and auditable…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Hongwei Zhang , Ji Lu , Shiqing Jiang , Chenxiang Zhu , Li Xie , Chen Zhong , Haoran Chen , Yurui Zhu , Yongsheng Du , Yanqin Gao , Lingjun Huang , Baoli Wang , Fang Tan , Peng Zou

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit impressive capabilities, but remain susceptible to a growing spectrum of safety risks, including jailbreaks, toxic content, hallucinations, and bias. Existing defenses often address only a single threat…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Md Rafi Ur Rashid , Vishnu Asutosh Dasu , Ye Wang , Gang Tan , Shagufta Mehnaz

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has sparked growing interest in their integration into autonomous systems for reasoning-driven perception, planning, and decision-making. However, evaluating and training such agentic AI…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Mohamed Amine Ferrag , Abderrahmane Lakas , Merouane Debbah

Agentic methods have emerged as a powerful and autonomous paradigm that enhances reasoning, collaboration, and adaptive control, enabling systems to coordinate and independently solve complex tasks. We extend this paradigm to safety…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Juan Ren , Mark Dras , Usman Naseem

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance on complex tasks by engaging in extended reasoning before producing final answers. Beyond improving abilities, these detailed reasoning traces also create a new…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Shu Yang , Junchao Wu , Xilin Gong , Xuansheng Wu , Derek Wong , Ninghao Liu , Di Wang

Data-driven approaches for autonomous driving (AD) have been widely adopted in the past decade but are confronted with dataset bias and uninterpretability. Inspired by the knowledge-driven nature of human driving, recent approaches explore…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Zhijian Huang , Tao Tang , Shaoxiang Chen , Sihao Lin , Zequn Jie , Lin Ma , Guangrun Wang , Xiaodan Liang

Reasoning methods that adaptively allocate test-time compute have advanced LLM performance on easy to verify domains such as math and code. In this work, we study how to utilize this approach to train models that exhibit a degree of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Taeyoun Kim , Fahim Tajwar , Aditi Raghunathan , Aviral Kumar

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) have achieved tremendous success with their chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning, yet also face safety issues similar to those of basic language models. In particular, while algorithms are designed to guide them to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Zeming Wei , Qiaosheng Zhang , Xia Hu , Xingcheng Xu

As large language models (LLMs) are becoming more capable and widespread, the study of their failure cases is becoming increasingly important. Recent advances in standardizing, measuring, and scaling test-time compute suggest new…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Mahdi Sabbaghi , Paul Kassianik , George Pappas , Yaron Singer , Amin Karbasi , Hamed Hassani

Text-to-Image(T2I) models typically deploy safety filters to prevent the generation of sensitive images. Unfortunately, recent jailbreaking attack methods manually design instructions for the LLM to generate adversarial prompts, which…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Chenyu Zhang , Lanjun Wang , Yiwen Ma , Wenhui Li , An-An Liu

Large language models (LLMs) achieve strong reasoning performance through chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning, yet often generate unnecessarily long reasoning paths that incur high inference cost. Recent self-consistency-based approaches…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Juming Xiong , Kevin Guo , Congning Ni , Chao Yan , Katherine Brown , Avinash Baidya , Xiang Gao , Bradley Malin , Zhijun Yin