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Vision-Language Models (VLMs) continue to struggle to make morally salient judgments in multimodal and socially ambiguous contexts. Prior works typically rely on binary or pairwise supervision, which often fail to capture the continuous and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Eunkyu Park , Wesley Hanwen Deng , Cheyon Jin , Matheus Kunzler Maldaner , Jordan Wheeler , Jason I. Hong , Hong Shen , Adam Perer , Ken Holstein , Motahhare Eslami , Gunhee Kim

The advances of large foundation models necessitate wide-coverage, low-cost, and zero-contamination benchmarks. Despite continuous exploration of language model evaluations, comprehensive studies on the evaluation of Large Multi-modal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Kaichen Zhang , Bo Li , Peiyuan Zhang , Fanyi Pu , Joshua Adrian Cahyono , Kairui Hu , Shuai Liu , Yuanhan Zhang , Jingkang Yang , Chunyuan Li , Ziwei Liu

Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) exhibit major shortfalls when interpreting images and, by some measures, have poorer spatial cognition than small children or animals. Despite this, they attain high scores on many popular visual benchmarks,…

Recent advancements in table-based reasoning have expanded beyond factoid-level QA to address insight-level tasks, where systems should synthesize implicit knowledge in the table to provide explainable analyses. Although effective, existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Kwangwook Seo , Donguk Kwon , Dongha Lee

Current multimodal benchmarks often conflate reasoning with domain-specific knowledge, making it difficult to isolate and evaluate general reasoning abilities in non-expert settings. To address this, we introduce VisualPuzzles, a benchmark…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Yueqi Song , Tianyue Ou , Yibo Kong , Zecheng Li , Graham Neubig , Xiang Yue

AI agents with advanced reasoning and tool use capabilities have demonstrated impressive performance in web browsing for deep search. While existing benchmarks such as BrowseComp evaluate these browsing abilities, they primarily focus on…

While Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have achieved impressive performance on semantic tasks, their spatial intelligence--crucial for robust and grounded AI systems--remains underdeveloped. Existing benchmarks fall short of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Mingrui Wu , Zhaozhi Wang , Fangjinhua Wang , Jiaolong Yang , Marc Pollefeys , Tong Zhang

The field of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) has made remarkable progress in visual understanding tasks, presenting a vast opportunity to predict the perceptual and emotional impact of charts. However, it also raises concerns, as…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Seon Gyeom Kim , Jae Young Choi , Ryan Rossi , Eunyee Koh , Tak Yeon Lee

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are increasingly applied in real-world scenarios where user-provided images are often imperfect, requiring active image manipulations such as cropping, editing, or enhancement to uncover salient…

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have demonstrated significant progress in semantic scene understanding and text-image alignment, with reasoning variants enhancing performance on more complex tasks involving mathematics and logic.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Sicheng Feng , Song Wang , Shuyi Ouyang , Lingdong Kong , Zikai Song , Jianke Zhu , Huan Wang , Xinchao Wang

Recent advances in multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have demonstrated substantial potential in video understanding. However, existing benchmarks fail to comprehensively evaluate synergistic reasoning capabilities across audio and…

Language models have recently advanced into the realm of reasoning, yet it is through multimodal reasoning that we can fully unlock the potential to achieve more comprehensive, human-like cognitive capabilities. This survey provides a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Zhiyu Lin , Yifei Gao , Xian Zhao , Yunfan Yang , Jitao Sang

Recent advancements in reasoning-reinforced Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in complex reasoning tasks. However, the mechanism underlying their utilization of different human reasoning skills remains poorly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Nghia Trung Ngo , Franck Dernoncourt , Thien Huu Nguyen

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have broadened the scope of AI applications. Existing automatic evaluation methodologies for MLLMs are mainly limited in evaluating queries without considering user experiences, inadequately…

Maps are powerful carriers of structured and contextual knowledge, encompassing geography, demographics, infrastructure, and environmental patterns. Reasoning over such knowledge requires models to integrate spatial relationships, visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Sharat Bhat , Harshita Khandelwal , Tushar Kataria , Vivek Gupta

Visual reasoning is a core component of human intelligence and a critical capability for advanced multimodal models. Yet current reasoning evaluations of multimodal large language models (MLLMs) often rely on text descriptions and allow…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Weiye Xu , Jiahao Wang , Weiyun Wang , Zhe Chen , Wengang Zhou , Aijun Yang , Lewei Lu , Houqiang Li , Xiaohua Wang , Xizhou Zhu , Wenhai Wang , Jifeng Dai , Jinguo Zhu

We introduce Chart2Code, a new benchmark for evaluating the chart understanding and code generation capabilities of large multimodal models (LMMs). Chart2Code is explicitly designed from a user-driven perspective, capturing diverse…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Jiahao Tang , Henry Hengyuan Zhao , Lijian Wu , Zijian Zhang , Yifei Tao , Dongxing Mao , Yang Wan , Jingru Tan , Min Zeng , Min Li , Alex Jinpeng Wang

Recent advancements in multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have driven researchers to explore how well these models read data visualizations, e.g., bar charts, scatter plots. More recently, attention has shifted to visual question…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Varun Srivastava , Fan Lei , Srija Mukhopadhyay , Vivek Gupta , Ross Maciejewski

The rapid progress of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) has unlocked the potential for enhanced 3D scene understanding and spatial reasoning. A recent line of work explores learning spatial reasoning directly from multi-view images,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Kanghee Lee , Injae Lee , Minseok Kwak , Jungi Hong , Kwonyoung Ryu , Jaesik Park

With the rapid advancement of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), they have demonstrated exceptional capabilities across a variety of vision-language tasks. However, current evaluation benchmarks predominantly focus on objective…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Haokun Li , Yazhou Zhang , Jizhi Ding , Qiuchi Li , Peng Zhang