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An edge-colored graph $G$ is rainbow connected if every pair of vertices of $G$ are connected by a path whose edges have distinct colors. The rainbow connection number $rc(G)$ of $G$ is defined to be the minimum integer $t$ such that there…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-11-06 Xueliang Li , Sujuan Liu

A subgraph of an edge-coloured graph is called rainbow if all its edges have distinct colours. The study of rainbow subgraphs goes back more than two hundred years to the work of Euler on Latin squares and has been the focus of extensive…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-04-24 Richard Montgomery , Alexey Pokrovskiy , Benny Sudakov

In this paper we study threshold coloring of graphs, where the vertex colors represented by integers are used to describe any spanning subgraph of the given graph as follows. Pairs of vertices with near colors imply the edge between them is…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2013-05-20 Md. Jawaherul Alam , Steven Chaplick , Gašper Fijavž , Michael Kaufmann , Stephen G. Kobourov , Sergey Pupyrev

Aharoni and Berger conjectured that in every proper edge-colouring of a bipartite multigraph by $n$ colours with at least $n+1$ edges of each colour there is a rainbow matching using every colour. This conjecture generalizes a longstanding…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-05-28 Alexey Pokrovskiy

We study the distribution of the set of copies of some given graph $H$ in the random graph $G(n,p)$, focusing on the case when $H = K_r$. Our main results capture the 'leading term' in the difference between this distribution and the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-04-02 Robert Morris , Oliver Riordan

A classic result of Erd\H{o}s, Gy\'arf\'as and Pyber states that for every coloring of the edges of $K_n$ with $r$ colors, there is a cover of its vertex set by at most $f(r) = O(r^2 \log r)$ vertex-disjoint monochromatic cycles. In…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-07-18 Dániel Korándi , Frank Mousset , Rajko Nenadov , Nemanja Škorić , Benny Sudakov

We show how to adjust a very nice coupling argument due to McDiarmid in order to prove/reprove in a novel way results concerning Hamilton cycles in various models of random graph and hypergraphs. In particular, we firstly show that for…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-02-09 Asaf Ferber

An edge-colouring of a graph is distinguishing, if the only automorphism which preserves the colouring is the identity. It has been conjectured that all but finitely many connected, finite, regular graphs admit a distinguishing…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-05-11 Florian Lehner , Monika Pilśniak , Marcin Stawiski

For graphs $G$ and $H$, we write $G \overset{\mathrm{rb}}{\longrightarrow} H $ if any proper edge-coloring of $G$ contains a rainbow copy of $H$, i.e., a copy where no color appears more than once. Kohayakawa, Konstadinidis and the last…

Let $G$ be a nontrivial connected and vertex-colored graph. A subset $X$ of the vertex set of $G$ is called rainbow if any two vertices in $X$ have distinct colors. The graph $G$ is called \emph{rainbow vertex-disconnected} if for any two…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-03-31 Xuqing Bai , You Chen , Ping Li , Xueliang Li , Yindi Weng

An edge-colored graph $F$ is {\it rainbow} if each edge of $F$ has a unique color. The {\it rainbow Tur\'an number} $\mathrm{ex}^*(n,F)$ of a graph $F$ is the maximum possible number of edges in a properly edge-colored $n$-vertex graph with…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-09-02 Anastasia Halfpap , Cory Palmer

Let $G = (V, E)$ be an $n$-vertex edge-colored graph. In 2013, H. Li proved that if every vertex $v \in V$ is incident to at least $(n+1)/2$ distinctly colored edges, then $G$ admits a rainbow triangle. We prove that the same hypothesis…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-02-24 Andrzej Czygrinow , Theodore Molla , Brendan Nagle , Roy Oursler

Let $G$ be an edge-colored graph. We use $e(G)$ and $c(G)$ to denote the number of edges of $G$ and the number of colors appearing on $E(G)$, respectively. For a vertex $v\in V(G)$, the \emph{color neighborhood} of $v$ is defined as the set…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-05-07 Shinya Fujita , Bo Ning , Chuandong Xu , Shenggui Zhang

We look at colourings of $r$-uniform hypergraphs, focusing our attention on unique colourability and gaps in the chromatic spectrum. The pattern of an edge $E$ in an $r$-uniform hypergraph $H$ whose vertices are coloured is the partition of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-04-17 Yair Caro , Josef Lauri , Christina Zarb

In a rainbow version of the classical Tur\'an problem one considers multiple graphs on a common vertex set, thinking of each graph as edges in a distinct color, and wants to determine the minimum number of edges in each color which…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-02-05 Daniel Gerbner , Andrzej Grzesik , Cory Palmer , Magdalena Prorok

We present several results in extremal graph and hypergraph theory of topological nature. First, we show that if $\alpha>0$ and $\ell=\Omega(\frac{1}{\alpha}\log\frac{1}{\alpha})$ is an odd integer, then every graph $G$ with $n$ vertices…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-01-04 István Tomon

The rainbow arborescence conjecture posits that if the arcs of a directed graph with $n$ vertices are colored by $n-1$ colors such that each color class forms a spanning arborescence, then there is a spanning arborescence that contains…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-10 Kristóf Bérczi , Tamás Király , Yutaro Yamaguchi , Yu Yokoi

An edge-coloured graph $G$ is rainbow connected if there exists a rainbow path between any two vertices. A graph $G$ is said to be $k$-rainbow connected if there exists an edge-colouring of $G$ with at most $k$ colours that is rainbow…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-06-11 Allan Lo

We establish a sharp upper bound on the number of properly $3$-edge-colored $K_4$'s in graphs with $R$ red, $G$ green and $B$ blue edges. We give a computer-free flag-algebra proof of this bound, and we also convert our proof into a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-18 József Balogh , Peter Bradshaw , Ramon I. Garcia , Bernard Lidický

A subgraph in an edge-colored graph is called rainbow if all its edges have distinct colors. For a graph $G$ and an integer $n$, the anti-Ramsey number $AR(n,G)$ is the maximum number of colors in an edge-coloring of $K_n$ that contains no…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-14 Ali Ghalavand , Xueliang Li