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When human agents come together to make decisions, it is often the case that one human agent has more information than the other. This phenomenon is called information asymmetry and this distorts the market. Often if one human agent intends…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-10-15 Tshilidzi Marwala , Evan Hurwitz

An asymmetric information model is introduced for the situation in which there is a small agent who is more susceptible to the flow of information in the market than the general market participant, and who tries to implement strategies…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2013-01-31 Dorje C. Brody , Mark H. A. Davis , Robyn L. Friedman , Lane P. Hughston

We study the consequences of information asymmetries and misaligned incentives in settings with multiple independent agents. We model an interaction between a Sender, who holds vital private information but cannot act, and a Receiver, who…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Nanda Kishore Sreenivas , Kate Larson

In many settings, multiple uninformed agents bargain simultaneously with a single informed agent in each of multiple periods. For example, workers and firms negotiate each year over salaries, and the firm has private information about the…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2020-11-10 Quitzé Valenzuela-Stookey

We present an experimental and simulated model of a multi-agent stock market driven by a double auction order matching mechanism. Studying the effect of cumulative information on the performance of traders, we find a non monotonic…

Physics and Society · Physics 2009-11-13 Bence Toth , Enrico Scalas , Juergen Huber , Michael Kirchler

A principal who values an object allocates it to one or more agents. Agents learn private information (signals) from an information designer about the allocation payoff to the principal. Monetary transfer is not available but the principal…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2022-10-31 Yi-Chun Chen , Gaoji Hu , Xiangqian Yang

We examine the dynamics of informational efficiency in a market with asymmetrically informed, boundedly rational traders who adaptively learn optimal strategies using simple multiarmed bandit (MAB) algorithms. The strategies available to…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2024-11-11 Aleksei Pastushkov

A competitive market is modeled as a game of incomplete information. One player observes some payoff-relevant state and can sell (possibly noisy) messages thereof to the other, whose willingness to pay is contingent on their own beliefs. We…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Thomas Falconer , Anubhav Ratha , Jalal Kazempour , Pierre Pinson , Maryam Kamgarpour

The idea of this paper is an advanced game concept. This concept is expected to model non-monetary bilateral cooperations between self-interested agents. Such non-monetary cases are social cooperations like allocation of high level jobs or…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2009-05-25 Rustam Tagiew

Incorporating fairness criteria in optimization problems comes at a certain cost, which is measured by the so-called price of fairness. Here we consider the allocation of indivisible goods. For envy-freeness as fairness criterion it is…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2014-06-24 Sascha Kurz

This work addresses the buyer's inspection paradox for information markets. The paradox is that buyers need to access information to determine its value, while sellers need to limit access to prevent theft. To study this, we introduce an…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-22 Nasim Rahaman , Martin Weiss , Manuel Wüthrich , Yoshua Bengio , Li Erran Li , Chris Pal , Bernhard Schölkopf

Data buyers compete in a game of incomplete information about which a single data seller owns some payoff-relevant information. The seller faces a joint information- and mechanism-design problem: deciding which information to sell, while…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-11-18 Alessandro Bonatti , Munther Dahleh , Thibaut Horel , Amir Nouripour

We study a simple problem of allocating common-value goods. The designer seeks to allocate the goods to as many unit-demand agents as possible without monetary transfers, while agents, who possess partial private information about the…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2026-04-22 Hiroto Sato , Ryo Shirakawa

We consider a revenue optimizing seller selling a single item to a buyer, on whose private value the seller has a noisy signal. We show that, when the signal is kept private, arbitrarily more revenue could potentially be extracted than if…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2017-07-20 Hu Fu , Chris Liaw , Pinyan Lu , Zhihao Gavin Tang

A seller offers an asset in a decentralised market. Buyers have private signals about their common value. I study whether the market becomes allocatively more efficient with (i) more buyers, (ii) better-informed buyers. Both increase the…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-08-04 D. Carlos Akkar

We study the informational efficiency of a market with a single traded asset. The price initially differs from the fundamental value, about which the agents have noisy private information (which is, on average, correct). A fraction of…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2014-01-10 Gani Aldashev , Timoteo Carletti , Simone Righi

We study a model of moral hazard with heterogeneous beliefs where each of agent's actions gives rise to a pair of probability distributions over output levels, one representing the beliefs of the agent and the other those of the principal.…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2021-10-12 Martin Dumav , Urmee Khan , Luca Rigotti

We investigate whether fairness is compatible with efficiency in economies with multi-self agents, who may not be able to integrate their multiple objectives into a single complete and transitive ranking. We adapt envy-freeness,…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2022-04-15 Sophie Bade , Erel Segal-Halevi

We present results on simulations of a stock market with heterogeneous, cumulative information setup. We find a non-monotonic behaviour of traders' returns as a function of their information level. Particularly, the average informed agents…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2008-12-02 Bence Toth , Enrico Scalas

We consider two risk-averse financial agents who negotiate the price of an illiquid indivisible contingent claim in an incomplete semimartingale market environment. Under the assumption that the agents are exponential utility maximizers…

Pricing of Securities · Quantitative Finance 2008-12-02 Michail Anthropelos , Gordan Zitkovic
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