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Cancer progression arises from interactions across multiple biological layers, especially beyond morphological and across molecular layers that remain invisible to image-only models. To capture this broader biological landscape, we present…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Juseung Yun , Sunwoo Yu , Sumin Ha , Jonghyun Kim , Janghyeon Lee , Jongseong Jang , Soonyoung Lee

Nucleotide sequences constitute the fundamental genetic basis of biological systems, rendering viral genomic analysis critical for biomedical advancement. Despite progress in biological foundation models, specifically nucleotide foundation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Dongxin Ye , Fang Hu , Han Hu , Shu Hu , Yang Tan , Wanli Ouyang , Stan Z. Li , Jie Cui , Nanqing Dong

The emergence of large multimodal models has unlocked remarkable potential in AI, particularly in pathology. However, the lack of specialized, high-quality benchmark impeded their development and precise evaluation. To address this, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-21 Yuxuan Sun , Hao Wu , Chenglu Zhu , Sunyi Zheng , Qizi Chen , Kai Zhang , Yunlong Zhang , Dan Wan , Xiaoxiao Lan , Mengyue Zheng , Jingxiong Li , Xinheng Lyu , Tao Lin , Lin Yang

Recent advances in deep learning have completely transformed the domain of computational pathology (CPath). More specifically, it has altered the diagnostic workflow of pathologists by integrating foundation models (FMs) and vision-language…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-19 Dibaloke Chanda , Milan Aryal , Nasim Yahya Soltani , Masoud Ganji

Pathology foundation models (PFMs) have become central to computational pathology, aiming to offer general encoders for feature extraction from whole-slide images (WSIs). Despite strong benchmark performance, PFM robustness to real-world…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-08 Erik Thiringer , Fredrik K. Gustafsson , Kajsa Ledesma Eriksson , Mattias Rantalainen

From self-supervised, vision-only models to contrastive visual-language frameworks, computational pathology has rapidly evolved in recent years. Generative AI "co-pilots" now demonstrate the ability to mine subtle, sub-visual tissue cues…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Mohsin Bilal , Aadam , Manahil Raza , Youssef Altherwy , Anas Alsuhaibani , Abdulrahman Abduljabbar , Fahdah Almarshad , Paul Golding , Nasir Rajpoot

Foundation models pretrained on large-scale datasets are revolutionizing the field of computational pathology (CPath). The generalization ability of foundation models is crucial for the success in various downstream clinical tasks. However,…

Cancer screening, leading to early detection, saves lives. Unfortunately, existing screening techniques require expensive and intrusive medical procedures, not globally available, resulting in too many lost would-be-saved lives. We present…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Liwen Sun , Hao-Ren Yao , Gary Gao , Ophir Frieder , Chenyan Xiong

The advent of foundation models (FMs) in healthcare offers unprecedented opportunities to enhance medical diagnostics through automated classification and segmentation tasks. However, these models also raise significant concerns about their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Ruinan Jin , Zikang Xu , Yuan Zhong , Qiongsong Yao , Qi Dou , S. Kevin Zhou , Xiaoxiao Li

Machine Learning (ML) has transformed many scientific fields, yet key applications still lack standardized benchmarks. Raman spectroscopy, a widely used technique for non-invasive molecular analysis, is one such field where progress is…

Pathological diagnosis remains the definitive standard for identifying tumors. The rise of multimodal large models has simplified the process of integrating image analysis with textual descriptions. Despite this advancement, the substantial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-14 Xiaomin Wu , Rui Xu , Pengchen Wei , Wenkang Qin , Peixiang Huang , Ziheng Li , Lin Luo

The field of computational pathology has recently seen rapid advances driven by the development of modern vision foundation models (FMs), typically trained on vast collections of pathology images. Recent studies demonstrate that increasing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Mikhail Karasikov , Joost van Doorn , Nicolas Känzig , Melis Erdal Cesur , Hugo Mark Horlings , Robert Berke , Fei Tang , Sebastian Otálora

Recent advances in computational pathology have led to the emergence of numerous foundation models. These models typically rely on general-purpose encoders with multi-instance learning for whole slide image (WSI) classification or apply…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Yuxuan Sun , Yixuan Si , Chenglu Zhu , Kai Zhang , Zhongyi Shui , Bowen Ding , Tao Lin , Lin Yang

Foundation models for computational pathology are expected to facilitate the development of high-performing, generalisable deep learning systems. However, in addition to biologically relevant features, current foundation models also capture…

In recent years, foundation models such as CLIP, DINO,and CONCH have demonstrated remarkable domain generalization and unsupervised feature extraction capabilities across diverse imaging tasks. However, systematic and independent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Lavish Ramchandani , Aashay Tinaikar , Dev Kumar Das , Rohit Garg , Tijo Thomas

Deep learning models have shown immense promise in computational pathology (CPath) tasks, but their performance often suffers when applied to unseen data due to domain shifts. Addressing this requires domain generalization (DG) algorithms.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Neda Zamanitajeddin , Mostafa Jahanifar , Kesi Xu , Fouzia Siraj , Nasir Rajpoot

Precision oncology requires accurate molecular insights, yet obtaining these directly from genomics is costly and time-consuming for broad clinical use. Predicting complex molecular features and patient prognosis directly from routine…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Cheng Jin , Fengtao Zhou , Yunfang Yu , Jiabo Ma , Yihui Wang , Yingxue Xu , Huajun Zhou , Hao Jiang , Luyang Luo , Luhui Mao , Zifan He , Xiuming Zhang , Jing Zhang , Ronald Chan , Herui Yao , Hao Chen

Despite the significant potential of Foundation Models (FMs) in medical imaging, their application to prognosis prediction remains challenging due to data scarcity, class imbalance, and task complexity, which limit their clinical adoption.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Filippo Ruffini , Elena Mulero Ayllon , Linlin Shen , Paolo Soda , Valerio Guarrasi

We introduce PathBench-MIL, an open-source AutoML and benchmarking framework for multiple instance learning (MIL) in histopathology. The system automates end-to-end MIL pipeline construction, including preprocessing, feature extraction, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Siemen Brussee , Pieter A. Valkema , Jurre A. J. Weijer , Thom Doeleman , Anne M. R. Schrader , Jesper Kers

Artificial intelligence may assist healthcare systems in meeting increasing demand for pathology services while maintaining diagnostic quality and reducing turnaround time and costs. We aimed to investigate the performance of an…