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Tensor program tuning is a non-convex objective optimization problem, to which search-based approaches have proven to be effective. At the core of the search-based approaches lies the design of the cost model. Though deep learning-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-23 Yi Zhai , Yu Zhang , Shuo Liu , Xiaomeng Chu , Jie Peng , Jianmin Ji , Yanyong Zhang

Adapting models pre-trained on large-scale datasets to a variety of downstream tasks is a common strategy in deep learning. Consequently, parameter-efficient fine-tuning methods have emerged as a promising way to adapt pre-trained models to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-01 Ahmed Agiza , Marina Neseem , Sherief Reda

Direct Preference Optimization is an offline post-SFT method for aligning language models from preference pairs, with strong results in instruction following and summarization. However, DPO's sequence-level implicit reward can be brittle…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Samah Fodeh , Linhai Ma , Ganesh Puthiaraju , Srivani Talakokkul , Afshan Khan , Ashley Hagaman , Sarah R. Lowe , Aimee Kendall Roundtree

Aligning large language models with human preferences is critical for creating reliable and controllable AI systems. A human preference can be visualized as a high-dimensional vector where different directions represent trade-offs between…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Ruochen Mao , Yuling Shi , Xiaodong Gu , Jiaheng Wei

Preference optimization is crucial for aligning large language models (LLMs) with human values and intentions. A significant challenge in this process is the distribution mismatch between pre-collected offline preference data and the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Junming Yang , Ning Xu , Biao Liu , Shiqi Qiao , Xin Geng

Recently, preference optimization methods such as DPO have significantly enhanced large language models (LLMs) in wide tasks including dialogue and question-answering. However, current methods fail to account for the varying difficulty…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Jingyuan Ma , Rui Li , Zheng Li , Lei Sha , Zhifang Sui

Visual programming languages (VPLs) allow users to create programs through graphical interfaces, which results in easier accessibility and their widespread usage in various domains. To further enhance this accessibility, recent research has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Deokhyung Kang , Jeonghun Cho , Yejin Jeon , Sunbin Jang , Minsub Lee , Jawoon Cho , Gary Geunbae Lee

Aligning large language models (LLMs) with human values is an increasingly critical step in post-training. Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) has emerged as a simple, yet effective alternative to reinforcement learning from human feedback…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Yifan Wang , Runjin Chen , Bolian Li , David Cho , Yihe Deng , Ruqi Zhang , Tianlong Chen , Zhangyang Wang , Ananth Grama , Junyuan Hong

Emotional text-to-speech seeks to convey affect while preserving intelligibility and prosody, yet existing methods rely on coarse labels or proxy classifiers and receive only utterance-level feedback. We introduce Emotion-Aware Stepwise…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Jiacheng Shi , Hongfei Du , Yangfan He , Y. Alicia Hong , Ye Gao

Tool-Integrated Reasoning (TIR) enables large language models (LLMs) to improve their internal reasoning ability by integrating external tools. However, models employing TIR often display suboptimal behaviors, such as insufficient or…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Yifei Chen , Guanting Dong , Zhicheng Dou

Tool learning with foundation models aims to endow AI systems with the ability to invoke external resources -- such as APIs, computational utilities, and specialized models -- to solve complex tasks beyond the reach of standalone language…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Gabriele Mattioli , Evelyn Turri , Sara Sarto , Lorenzo Baraldi , Marcella Cornia , Lorenzo Baraldi , Rita Cucchiara

Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) has been widely adopted for large language model alignment due to its simple training procedure and lack of an explicit reward model. However, in iterative DPO, when the policy model from the previous…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Lingling Fu , Yongfu Xu

Human preference data is essential for aligning large language models (LLMs) with human values, but collecting such data is often costly and inefficient-motivating the need for efficient data selection methods that reduce annotation costs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Seohyeong Lee , Eunwon Kim , Hwaran Lee , Buru Chang

Mainstream approaches to aligning large language models (LLMs) heavily rely on human preference data, particularly when models require periodic updates. The standard process for iterative alignment of LLMs involves collecting new human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Chen Zhang , Chengguang Tang , Dading Chong , Ke Shi , Guohua Tang , Feng Jiang , Haizhou Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit strong implicit personalization ability, yet most existing approaches treat this behavior as a black box, relying on prompt engineering or fine tuning on user data. In this work, we adopt a mechanistic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Weixu Zhang , Ye Yuan , Changjiang Han , Yuxing Tian , Zipeng Sun , Linfeng Du , Jikun Kang , Hong Kang , Xue Liu , Haolun Wu

The recently proposed ToolkenGPT tool learning paradigm demonstrates promising performance but suffers from two major issues: first, it cannot benefit from tool documentation, and second, it often makes mistakes in whether to use a tool at…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Konstantin Yakovlev , Sergey Nikolenko , Andrey Bout

Large Language Models (LLMs) employ multi-turn interaction as a fundamental paradigm for completing complex tasks. However, their performance often degrades in extended interactions, as they are typically trained on static, single-turn…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Chenxing Wei , Hong Wang , Ying He , Fei Yu , Yao Shu

Instruction following (IF) is a critical capability for large language models (LLMs). However, handling complex instructions with multiple constraints remains challenging. Previous methods typically select preference pairs based on the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Xiang Huang , Ting-En Lin , Feiteng Fang , Yuchuan Wu , Hangyu Li , Yuzhong Qu , Fei Huang , Yongbin Li

Efficient preference optimization algorithms such as Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) have become a popular approach in aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences. These algorithms implicitly treat the LLM as a reward…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Tong Liu , Xiao Yu , Wenxuan Zhou , Jindong Gu , Volker Tresp

Standard human preference-based alignment methods, such as Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF), are a cornerstone for aligning large language models (LLMs) with human values. However, these methods typically assume that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Xiaoyang Cao , Zelai Xu , Mo Guang , Kaiwen Long , Michiel A. Bakker , Yu Wang , Chao Yu