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Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used as proxy students in the development of Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITSs) and in piloting test questions. However, to what extent these proxy students accurately emulate the behavior and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-14 KV Aditya Srivatsa , Kaushal Kumar Maurya , Ekaterina Kochmar

A hallmark property of explainable AI models is the ability to teach other agents, communicating knowledge of how to perform a task. While Large Language Models perform complex reasoning by generating explanations for their predictions, it…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-15 Swarnadeep Saha , Peter Hase , Mohit Bansal

Individualized cognitive simulation (ICS) aims to build computational models that approximate the thought processes of specific individuals. While large language models (LLMs) convincingly mimic surface-level human behavior such as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Tianyi Zhang , Xiaolin Zhou , Yunzhe Wang , Erik Cambria , David Traum , Rui Mao

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized Natural Language Processing but exhibit limitations, particularly in autonomously addressing novel challenges such as reasoning and problem-solving. Traditional techniques like…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-01-03 Sumedh Rasal

With the development of artificial intelligence (AI), large language models (LLM) are widely used in many fields. However, the reasoning ability of LLM is still very limited when it comes to mathematical reasoning. Mathematics plays an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Wenbei Xie , Donglin Liu , Haoran Yan , Wenjie Wu , Zongyang Liu

Human cognitive development is shaped not only by individual effort but by structured social interaction, where role-based exchanges such as those between a tutor and a learner, enable solutions that neither could achieve alone. Inspired by…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Nurullah Eymen Özdemir , Erhan Oztop

Workshop courses designed to foster creativity are gaining popularity. However, even experienced faculty teams find it challenging to realize a holistic evaluation that accommodates diverse perspectives. Adequate deliberation is essential…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Toru Ishida , Tongxi Liu , Hailong Wang , William K. Cheunga

There is increasing interest in distilling task-specific knowledge from large language models (LLM) to smaller student models. Nonetheless, LLM distillation presents a dual challenge: 1) there is a high cost associated with querying the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Yuhang Zhou , Wei Ai

Large Language Models (LLMs) have increasingly demonstrated the ability to facilitate the development of multi-agent systems that allow the interpretation of thoughts and actions generated by each individual. Promising advancements have…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Asher Sprigler , Alexander Drobek , Keagan Weinstock , Wendpanga Tapsoba , Gavin Childress , Andy Dao , Lucas Gral

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across a range of text-generation tasks. However, LLMs still struggle with problems requiring multi-step decision-making and environmental feedback, such as online…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Zhenfang Chen , Delin Chen , Rui Sun , Wenjun Liu , Chuang Gan

Large Language Models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT have quickly become part of student programmers' toolkits, whether allowed by instructors or not. This paper examines how introductory programming (CS1) students integrate LLMs into their…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Jade Hak , Nathaniel Lam Johnson , Matin Amoozadeh , Amin Alipour , Souti Chattopadhyay

As Large Language Models (LLMs) and other forms of Generative AI permeate various aspects of our lives, their application for learning and education has provided opportunities and challenges. This paper presents an investigation into the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Daniel Leiker , Sara Finnigan , Ashley Ricker Gyllen , Mutlu Cukurova

Artificial intelligence (AI) tools such as large language models (LLMs) are already altering student learning. Unlike previous technologies, LLMs can independently solve problems regardless of student understanding, yet are not always…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-09-04 Eric Gao

The capability of large language models (LLMs) to generate, debug, and explain code has sparked the interest of researchers and educators in undergraduate programming, with many anticipating their transformative potential in programming…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Aadarsh Padiyath , Xinying Hou , Amy Pang , Diego Viramontes Vargas , Xingjian Gu , Tamara Nelson-Fromm , Zihan Wu , Mark Guzdial , Barbara Ericson

Identifying logical errors in complex, incomplete or even contradictory and overall heterogeneous data like students' experimentation protocols is challenging. Recognizing the limitations of current evaluation methods, we investigate the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-20 Arne Bewersdorff , Kathrin Seßler , Armin Baur , Enkelejda Kasneci , Claudia Nerdel

Advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, offer significant opportunities to enhance instructional support in introductory programming courses. While extensive research has explored the effectiveness of LLMs in…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Muntasir Hoq , Jessica Vandenberg , Shuyin Jiao , Seung Lee , Bradford Mott , Narges Norouzi , James Lester , Bita Akram

Requirements elicitation, a critical, yet time-consuming and challenging step in product development, often fails to capture the full spectrum of user needs. This may lead to products that fall short of expectations. This paper introduces a…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-04-26 Mohammadmehdi Ataei , Hyunmin Cheong , Daniele Grandi , Ye Wang , Nigel Morris , Alexander Tessier

Hallucinations in large language models (LLMs), defined as fluent yet incorrect or incoherent outputs, pose a significant challenge to the automatic generation of educational multiple-choice questions (MCQs). We identified four key…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Nicholas X. Wang , Aggelos K. Katsaggelos

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive zero-shot capabilities and versatility in NLP tasks, however they sometimes fail to maintain crucial invariances for specific tasks. One example is permutation sensitivity, where…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-21 Adian Liusie , Yassir Fathullah , Mark J. F. Gales

In response to the increasing mental health challenges faced by college students, we sought to understand their perspectives on how AI applications, particularly Large Language Models (LLMs), can be leveraged to enhance their mental…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Owen Xingjian Zhang , Shuyao Zhou , Jiayi Geng , Yuhan Liu , Sunny Xun Liu