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Vision language models (VLMs) extend the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) to cross-modal settings, yet remain highly vulnerable to multimodal jailbreak attacks. Existing defenses predominantly rely on safety…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Mengxuan Wang , Yuxin Chen , Gang Xu , Tao He , Hongjie Jiang , Ming Li

Ultrasound is widely used in clinical practice due to its portability, cost-effectiveness, safety, and real-time imaging capabilities. However, image acquisition and interpretation remain highly operator dependent, motivating the…

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly becoming the preferred foundation platforms for many Natural Language Processing tasks such as Machine Translation, owing to their quality often comparable to or better than task-specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-18 Zhifan Sun , Antonio Valerio Miceli-Barone

Vision-language models (VLMs) are vulnerable to adversarial image perturbations. Existing works based on adversarial training against task-specific adversarial examples are computationally expensive and often fail to generalize to unseen…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Jingning Xu , Haochen Luo , Chen Liu

Large vision-language models (LVLMs) have achieved impressive performance across a wide range of vision-language tasks, while they remain vulnerable to backdoor attacks. Existing backdoor attacks on LVLMs aim to force the victim model to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Zhifang Zhang , Qiqi Tao , Jiaqi Lv , Na Zhao , Lei Feng , Joey Tianyi Zhou

Despite the remarkable performance of video-based large language models (LLMs), their adversarial threat remains unexplored. To fill this gap, we propose the first adversarial attack tailored for video-based LLMs by crafting flow-based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-22 Jinmin Li , Kuofeng Gao , Yang Bai , Jingyun Zhang , Shu-tao Xia , Yisen Wang

Visual language modeling for automated driving is emerging as a promising research direction with substantial improvements in multimodal reasoning capabilities. Despite its advanced reasoning abilities, VLM-AD remains vulnerable to serious…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Dehong Kong , Sifan Yu , Siyuan Liang , Jiawei Liang , Jianhou Gan , Aishan Liu , Wenqi Ren

Large language models (LLMs) are becoming a popular tool as they have significantly advanced in their capability to tackle a wide range of language-based tasks. However, LLMs applications are highly vulnerable to prompt injection attacks,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Md Abdur Rahman , Fan Wu , Alfredo Cuzzocrea , Sheikh Iqbal Ahamed

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have advanced robotic control by enabling end-to-end decision-making directly from multimodal inputs. However, their tightly coupled architectures expose novel security vulnerabilities. Unlike traditional…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Xueyang Zhou , Guiyao Tie , Guowen Zhang , Hechang Wang , Pan Zhou , Lichao Sun

Current Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models predominantly rely on end-to-end fine-tuning. While effective, this paradigm compromises the inherent generalization capabilities of Vision-Language Models (VLMs) and incurs catastrophic…

Large language models (LLMs) have succeeded significantly in various applications but remain susceptible to adversarial jailbreaks that void their safety guardrails. Previous attempts to exploit these vulnerabilities often rely on high-cost…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Xuan Li , Zhanke Zhou , Jianing Zhu , Jiangchao Yao , Tongliang Liu , Bo Han

In recent times, we have seen a rapid development of large Vision-Language Models (VLMs). They have shown impressive results on academic benchmarks, primarily in widely spoken languages but lack performance on low-resource languages and…

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) demonstrate exceptional performance across multimodal tasks, yet remain vulnerable to jailbreak attacks that bypass built-in safety mechanisms to elicit restricted content generation. Existing black-box…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Lei Jiang , Zixun Zhang , Zizhou Wang , Xiaobing Sun , Zhen Li , Liangli Zhen , Xiaohua Xu

Recent development of Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) has attracted growing attention within the AI landscape for its practical implementation potential. However, ``hallucination'', or more specifically, the misalignment between…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Hanchao Liu , Wenyuan Xue , Yifei Chen , Dapeng Chen , Xiutian Zhao , Ke Wang , Liping Hou , Rongjun Li , Wei Peng

Visually-conditioned language models (VLMs) have seen growing adoption in applications such as visual dialogue, scene understanding, and robotic task planning; adoption that has fueled a wealth of new models such as LLaVa, InstructBLIP, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Siddharth Karamcheti , Suraj Nair , Ashwin Balakrishna , Percy Liang , Thomas Kollar , Dorsa Sadigh

Large Language Models (LLMs), now a foundation in advancing natural language processing, power applications such as text generation, machine translation, and conversational systems. Despite their transformative potential, these models…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Kang Chen , Xiuze Zhou , Yuanguo Lin , Jinhe Su , Yuanhui Yu , Li Shen , Fan Lin

Recent advances in Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have greatly enhanced the integration of visual perception and linguistic reasoning, driving rapid progress in multimodal understanding. Despite these achievements, the security of VLMs,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Nam Duong Tran , Phi Le Nguyen

As Vision-Language Models (VLMs) demonstrate increasing capabilities across real-world applications such as code generation and chatbot assistance, ensuring their safety has become paramount. Unlike traditional Large Language Models (LLMs),…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Peiyuan Tang , Haojie Xin , Xiaodong Zhang , Jun Sun , Qin Xia , Zijiang Yang

Visual language pre-training (VLP) models have demonstrated significant success across various domains, yet they remain vulnerable to adversarial attacks. Addressing these adversarial vulnerabilities is crucial for enhancing security in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Dehong Kong , Siyuan Liang , Xiaopeng Zhu , Yuansheng Zhong , Wenqi Ren

Vision-language models (VLMs) have revolutionized multimodal AI applications but introduce novel security vulnerabilities that remain largely unexplored. We present the first comprehensive study of steganographic prompt injection attacks…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Chetan Pathade