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In this paper, we propose to equip Generative Adversarial Networks with the ability to produce direct energy estimates for samples.Specifically, we propose a flexible adversarial training framework, and prove this framework not only ensures…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-02-27 Zihang Dai , Amjad Almahairi , Philip Bachman , Eduard Hovy , Aaron Courville

Consider learning a policy purely on the basis of demonstrated behavior -- that is, with no access to reinforcement signals, no knowledge of transition dynamics, and no further interaction with the environment. This *strictly batch…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-01-15 Daniel Jarrett , Ioana Bica , Mihaela van der Schaar

Maximum likelihood estimation of energy-based models is a challenging problem due to the intractability of the log-likelihood gradient. In this work, we propose learning both the energy function and an amortized approximate sampling…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-29 Rithesh Kumar , Sherjil Ozair , Anirudh Goyal , Aaron Courville , Yoshua Bengio

Generative models have shown strong generation ability while efficient likelihood estimation is less explored. Energy-based models~(EBMs) define a flexible energy function to parameterize unnormalized densities efficiently but are notorious…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Cong Geng , Tian Han , Peng-Tao Jiang , Hao Zhang , Jinwei Chen , Søren Hauberg , Bo Li

Energy-based models (EBMs) are a simple yet powerful framework for generative modeling. They are based on a trainable energy function which defines an associated Gibbs measure, and they can be trained and sampled from via well-established…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-06 Carles Domingo-Enrich , Alberto Bietti , Eric Vanden-Eijnden , Joan Bruna

Maximum likelihood (ML) learning for energy-based models (EBMs) is challenging, partly due to non-convergence of Markov chain Monte Carlo.Several variations of ML learning have been proposed, but existing methods all fail to achieve both…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-04-24 Xinwei Zhang , Zhiqiang Tan , Zhijian Ou

Energy-based models (EBMs) are generative models that are usually trained via maximum likelihood estimation. This approach becomes challenging in generic situations where the trained energy is non-convex, due to the need to sample the Gibbs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-16 Carles Domingo-Enrich , Alberto Bietti , Marylou Gabrié , Joan Bruna , Eric Vanden-Eijnden

Training energy-based models (EBMs) on discrete spaces is challenging because sampling over such spaces can be difficult. We propose to train discrete EBMs with energy discrepancy (ED), a novel type of contrastive loss functional which only…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-07-18 Tobias Schröder , Zijing Ou , Yingzhen Li , Andrew B. Duncan

Global Autoregressive Models (GAMs) are a recent proposal [Parshakova et al., CoNLL 2019] for exploiting global properties of sequences for data-efficient learning of seq2seq models. In the first phase of training, an Energy-Based model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-19 Tetiana Parshakova , Jean-Marc Andreoli , Marc Dymetman

Energy-Based Models have emerged as a powerful framework in the realm of generative modeling, offering a unique perspective that aligns closely with principles of statistical mechanics. This review aims to provide physicists with a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Davide Carbone

We present Generalized Contrastive Divergence (GCD), a novel objective function for training an energy-based model (EBM) and a sampler simultaneously. GCD generalizes Contrastive Divergence (Hinton, 2002), a celebrated algorithm for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-07 Sangwoong Yoon , Dohyun Kwon , Himchan Hwang , Yung-Kyun Noh , Frank C. Park

Neural language models can be successfully trained on source code, leading to applications such as code completion. However, their versatile autoregressive self-supervision objective overlooks important global sequence-level features that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-10 Tomasz Korbak , Hady Elsahar , Marc Dymetman , Germán Kruszewski

We present energy-based generative flow networks (EB-GFN), a novel probabilistic modeling algorithm for high-dimensional discrete data. Building upon the theory of generative flow networks (GFlowNets), we model the generation process by a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-10 Dinghuai Zhang , Nikolay Malkin , Zhen Liu , Alexandra Volokhova , Aaron Courville , Yoshua Bengio

Joint Energy-based Model (JEM) is a recently proposed hybrid model that retains strong discriminative power of modern CNN classifiers, while generating samples rivaling the quality of GAN-based approaches. In this paper, we propose a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-22 Xiulong Yang , Shihao Ji

Energy-Based Models (EBMs), also known as non-normalized probabilistic models, specify probability density or mass functions up to an unknown normalizing constant. Unlike most other probabilistic models, EBMs do not place a restriction on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-19 Yang Song , Diederik P. Kingma

Energy-based models (EBMs) are a powerful class of probabilistic generative models due to their flexibility and interpretability. However, relationships between potential flows and explicit EBMs remain underexplored, while contrastive…

Energy-Based Models (EBMs) have proven to be a highly effective approach for modelling densities on finite-dimensional spaces. Their ability to incorporate domain-specific choices and constraints into the structure of the model through…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-24 Jen Ning Lim , Sebastian Vollmer , Lorenz Wolf , Andrew Duncan

Energy-based models (EBMs) are generative models inspired by statistical physics with a wide range of applications in unsupervised learning. Their performance is best measured by the cross-entropy (CE) of the model distribution relative to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-14 Davide Carbone , Mengjian Hua , Simon Coste , Eric Vanden-Eijnden

In this paper, we study deep generative models for effective unsupervised learning. We propose VGAN, which works by minimizing a variational lower bound of the negative log likelihood (NLL) of an energy based model (EBM), where the model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-11-08 Shuangfei Zhai , Yu Cheng , Rogerio Feris , Zhongfei Zhang

In this paper, we propose a novel generative model that utilizes a conditional Energy-Based Model (EBM) for enhancing Variational Autoencoder (VAE), termed Energy-Calibrated VAE (EC-VAE). Specifically, VAEs often suffer from blurry…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Yihong Luo , Siya Qiu , Xingjian Tao , Yujun Cai , Jing Tang