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Current evaluations of large language models (LLMs) rely on benchmark scores, but it is difficult to interpret what these individual scores reveal about a model's overall skills. Specifically, as a community we lack understanding of how…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Aviya Maimon , Amir DN Cohen , Gal Vishne , Shauli Ravfogel , Reut Tsarfaty

Language models (LMs), despite their advances, often depend on spurious correlations, undermining their accuracy and generalizability. This study addresses the overlooked impact of subtler, more complex shortcuts that compromise model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-13 Yuqing Zhou , Ruixiang Tang , Ziyu Yao , Ziwei Zhu

The remarkable capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) often need to be tailored for specific applications, requiring the integration of new knowledge or the acquisition of new skills. While full fine-tuning is a powerful adaptation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Bernd Bohnet , Rumen Dangovski , Kevin Swersky , Sherry Moore , Arslan Chaudhry , Kathleen Kenealy , Noah Fiedel

While pre-trained language models (LMs) have brought great improvements in many NLP tasks, there is increasing attention to explore capabilities of LMs and interpret their predictions. However, existing works usually focus only on a certain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-29 Yaozong Shen , Lijie Wang , Ying Chen , Xinyan Xiao , Jing Liu , Hua Wu

There is vivid research on adapting Large Language Models (LLMs) to perform a variety of tasks in high-stakes domains such as healthcare. Despite their popularity, there is a lack of understanding of the extent and contributing factors that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Anand Subramanian , Viktor Schlegel , Abhinav Ramesh Kashyap , Thanh-Tung Nguyen , Vijay Prakash Dwivedi , Stefan Winkler

Catastrophic forgetting remains a major challenge when fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) on narrow, task-specific data, often degrading their general knowledge and reasoning abilities. We propose SA-SFT, a lightweight…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Yutao Sun , Mingshuai Chen , Tiancheng Zhao , Phillip Miao , Zilun Zhang , Haozhan Shen , Ruizhe Zhu , Jianwei Yin

While Speech Large Language Models (Speech-LLMs) show strong performance in many applications, their robustness is critically under-tested, especially to speech disfluency. Existing evaluations often rely on idealized inputs, overlooking…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Hongcheng Liu , Yixuan Hou , Heyang Liu , Yuhao Wang , Yanfeng Wang , Yu Wang

Large language models (LLMs) that are tuned with instructions have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in various tasks and languages. However, their ability to generalize to underrepresented languages is limited due to the scarcity of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Samuel Cahyawijaya , Holy Lovenia , Tiezheng Yu , Willy Chung , Pascale Fung

Speech evaluation measures a learners oral proficiency using automatic models. Corpora for training such models often pose sparsity challenges given that there often is limited scored data from teachers, in addition to the score…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Huayun Zhang , Jeremy H. M. Wong , Geyu Lin , Nancy F. Chen

Despite recent advances, evaluating how well large language models (LLMs) follow user instructions remains an open problem. While evaluation methods of language models have seen a rise in prompt-based approaches, limited work on the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Ondrej Skopek , Rahul Aralikatte , Sian Gooding , Victor Carbune

Instruction tuning is now a widely adopted approach to aligning large multimodal models (LMMs) to follow human intent. It unifies the data format of vision-language tasks, enabling multi-task joint training. However, vision-language tasks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-29 Jinghan He , Haiyun Guo , Ming Tang , Jinqiao Wang

Speech Language Models (SLMs) aim to learn language from raw audio, without textual resources. Despite significant advances, our current models exhibit weak syntax and semantic abilities. However, if the scaling properties of neural…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-13 Santiago Cuervo , Ricard Marxer

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have automated various software engineering tasks, with benchmarks emerging to evaluate their capabilities. However, for adaptation, a critical activity during code reuse, there is no…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Tanghaoran Zhang , Xinjun Mao , Shangwen Wang , Yuxin Zhao , Yao Lu , Jin Zhang , Zhang Zhang , Kang Yang , Yue Yu

In recent years, Large Language Models (LLMs) have garnered significant attention from the research community due to their exceptional performance and generalization capabilities. In this paper, we introduce a novel method for…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-21 Egor Lakomkin , Chunyang Wu , Yassir Fathullah , Ozlem Kalinli , Michael L. Seltzer , Christian Fuegen

Following the initial flourishing of large language models (LLMs), there has been a surge in proposed large vision-language models (LVLMs) that integrate LLMs with vision capabilities. However, it has been observed that LVLMs, after tuning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Daiki Shiono , Shumpei Miyawaki , Ryota Tanaka , Jun Suzuki

While Small Language Models (SLMs) have demonstrated promising performance on an increasingly wide array of commonsense reasoning benchmarks, current evaluation practices rely almost exclusively on the accuracy of their final answers,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Francesco Maria Molfese , Luca Moroni , Ciro Porcaro , Simone Conia , Roberto Navigli

We propose a novel method that enables us to determine words that deserve to be emphasized from written text in visual media, relying only on the information from the self-attention distributions of pre-trained language models (PLMs). With…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-07-27 Jaeyoul Shin , Taeuk Kim , Sang-goo Lee

Expert-designed close-ended benchmarks are indispensable in assessing the knowledge capacity of large language models (LLMs). Despite their widespread use, concerns have mounted regarding their reliability due to limited test scenarios and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Jiatong Li , Renjun Hu , Kunzhe Huang , Yan Zhuang , Qi Liu , Mengxiao Zhu , Xing Shi , Wei Lin

In-context learning (ICL) enables Large Language Models (LLMs) to learn tasks from demonstration examples without parameter updates. Although it has been extensively studied in LLMs, its effectiveness in Vision-Language Models (VLMs)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Gabriel O. dos Santos , Esther Colombini , Sandra Avila

Traditional Large Language Model (LLM) pretraining relies on autoregressive language modeling with randomly sampled data from web-scale datasets. Inspired by human learning techniques like spaced repetition, we hypothesize that random…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-30 Neha Prakriya , Jui-Nan Yen , Cho-Jui Hsieh , Jason Cong