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User-generated content (e.g., tweets and profile descriptions) and shared content between users (e.g., news articles) reflect a user's online identity. This paper investigates whether correlations between user-generated and user-shared…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-01 Liesbeth Allein , Marie-Francine Moens , Domenico Perrotta

Images taken out of their context are the most prevalent form of multimodal misinformation. Debunking them requires (1) providing the true context of the image and (2) checking the veracity of the image's caption. However, existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Jonathan Tonglet , Gabriel Thiem , Iryna Gurevych

Cheapfake is a recently coined term that encompasses non-AI (``cheap'') manipulations of multimedia content. Cheapfakes are known to be more prevalent than deepfakes. Cheapfake media can be created using editing software for image/video…

Existing deepfake detectors face several challenges in achieving robustness and generalization. One of the primary reasons is their limited ability to extract relevant information from forgery videos, especially in the presence of various…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-01 Zhiyuan Yan , Peng Sun , Yubo Lang , Shuo Du , Shanzhuo Zhang , Wei Wang , Lei Liu

Recently, fake news with text and images have achieved more effective diffusion than text-only fake news, raising a severe issue of multimodal fake news detection. Current studies on this issue have made significant contributions to…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2021-08-25 Peng Qi , Juan Cao , Xirong Li , Huan Liu , Qiang Sheng , Xiaoyue Mi , Qin He , Yongbiao Lv , Chenyang Guo , Yingchao Yu

The increasing realism of multimodal content has made misinformation more subtle and harder to detect, especially in news media where images are frequently paired with bilingual (e.g., Chinese-English) subtitles. Such content often includes…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Yiwei He , Zhenglin Huang , Haiquan Wen , Tianxiao Li , Yi Dong , Hao Fei , Baoyuan Wu , Guangliang Cheng

Efficiently capturing consistent and complementary semantic features in a multimodal conversation context is crucial for Multimodal Emotion Recognition in Conversation (MERC). Existing methods mainly use graph structures to model dialogue…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-06 Tao Meng , Fuchen Zhang , Yuntao Shou , Wei Ai , Nan Yin , Keqin Li

Thanks to graph neural networks (GNNs), semi-supervised node classification has shown the state-of-the-art performance in graph data. However, GNNs have not considered different types of uncertainties associated with class probabilities to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-26 Xujiang Zhao , Feng Chen , Shu Hu , Jin-Hee Cho

With the proliferation of social media, the detection of fake news has become a critical issue that poses a significant threat to society. The dissemination of fake information can lead to social harm and damage the credibility of…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-05-18 Qian Chang , Xia Lia , Patrick S. W. Fong

Rumor spreaders are increasingly utilizing multimedia content to attract the attention and trust of news consumers. Though quite a few rumor detection models have exploited the multi-modal data, they seldom consider the inconsistent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Mengzhu Sun , Xi Zhang , Jianqiang Ma , Sihong Xie , Yazheng Liu , Philip S. Yu

Recent advances in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities. However, evaluating their capacity for human-like understanding in One-Image Guides remains insufficiently explored. One-Image Guides are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Jiancong Xie , Wenjin Wang , Zhuomeng Zhang , Zihan Liu , Qi Liu , Ke Feng , Zixun Sun , Yuedong Yang

Real-world information, often multimodal, can be misinformed or potentially misleading due to factual errors, outdated claims, missing context, misinterpretation, and more. Such "misinformation" is understudied, challenging to address, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Xinyi Zhou , Ashish Sharma , Amy X. Zhang , Tim Althoff

Answering questions that require reading texts in an image is challenging for current models. One key difficulty of this task is that rare, polysemous, and ambiguous words frequently appear in images, e.g., names of places, products, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-04-01 Difei Gao , Ke Li , Ruiping Wang , Shiguang Shan , Xilin Chen

In recent years there have been a growing interest in online auditing of information flow over social networks with the goal of monitoring undesirable effects, such as, misinformation and fake news. Most previous work on the subject, focus…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Daniel Toma , Wasim Huleihel

Methods to evaluate Large Language Model (LLM) responses and detect inconsistencies, also known as hallucinations, with respect to the provided knowledge, are becoming increasingly important for LLM applications. Current metrics fall short…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Hannah Sansford , Nicholas Richardson , Hermina Petric Maretic , Juba Nait Saada

Prior research on training grounded factuality classification models to detect hallucinations in large language models (LLMs) has relied on public natural language inference (NLI) data and synthetic data. However, conventional NLI datasets…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-29 Deren Lei , Yaxi Li , Siyao Li , Mengya Hu , Rui Xu , Ken Archer , Mingyu Wang , Emily Ching , Alex Deng

Multimodal misinformation poses an escalating challenge that often evades traditional detectors, which are opaque black boxes and fragile against new manipulation tactics. We present Probabilistic Concept Graph Reasoning (PCGR), an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Ruichao Yang , Wei Gao , Xiaobin Zhu , Jing Ma , Hongzhan Lin , Ziyang Luo , Bo-Wen Zhang , Xu-Cheng Yin

Reliable confidence estimation is essential for enhancing the trustworthiness of large language models (LLMs), especially in high-stakes scenarios. Despite its importance, accurately estimating confidence in LLM responses remains a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Yukun Li , Sijia Wang , Lifu Huang , Li-Ping Liu

Despite advancements in grounded content generation, production Large Language Models (LLMs) based applications still suffer from hallucinated answers. We present "Grounded in Context" - a member of Deepchecks' ORION (Output Reasoning-based…

Online misinformation is increasingly pervasive, yet most existing benchmarks and methods evaluate veracity at the level of whole claims or paragraphs using coarse binary labels, obscuring how true and false details often co-exist within…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Zhiwei Liu , Paul Thompson , Jiaqi Rong , Baojie Qu , Runteng Guo , Min Peng , Qianqian Xie , Sophia Ananiadou
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