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Diffusion models have become a leading framework in generative modeling, yet their theoretical understanding -- especially for high-dimensional data concentrated on low-dimensional structures -- remains incomplete. This paper investigates…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Zixuan Zhang , Kaixuan Huang , Tuo Zhao , Mengdi Wang , Minshuo Chen

Denoising diffusion models have emerged as a powerful tool for various image generation and editing tasks, facilitating the synthesis of visual content in an unconditional or input-conditional manner. The core idea behind them is learning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Yi Huang , Jiancheng Huang , Yifan Liu , Mingfu Yan , Jiaxi Lv , Jianzhuang Liu , Wei Xiong , He Zhang , Liangliang Cao , Shifeng Chen

Diffusion models have become prevalent in generative modeling due to their ability to sample from complex distributions. To improve the quality of generated samples and their compliance with user requirements, two commonly used methods are:…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Shervin Khalafi , Ignacio Hounie , Dongsheng Ding , Alejandro Ribeiro

Diffusion models, while trained for image generation, have emerged as powerful foundational feature extractors for downstream tasks. We find that off-the-shelf diffusion models, trained exclusively to generate natural RGB images, can…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Nurislam Tursynbek , Hastings Greer , Basar Demir , Marc Niethammer

While diffusion models have achieved great success in generating continuous signals such as images and audio, it remains elusive for diffusion models in learning discrete sequence data like natural languages. Although recent advances…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-02 Jiasheng Ye , Zaixiang Zheng , Yu Bao , Lihua Qian , Mingxuan Wang

Recently, large-scale diffusion models, e.g., Stable diffusion and DallE2, have shown remarkable results on image synthesis. On the other hand, large-scale cross-modal pre-trained models (e.g., CLIP, ALIGN, and FILIP) are competent for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Runhui Huang , Jianhua Han , Guansong Lu , Xiaodan Liang , Yihan Zeng , Wei Zhang , Hang Xu

Building generalized models that can solve many computer vision tasks simultaneously is an intriguing direction. Recent works have shown image itself can be used as a natural interface for general-purpose visual perception and demonstrated…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Yue Fan , Yongqin Xian , Xiaohua Zhai , Alexander Kolesnikov , Muhammad Ferjad Naeem , Bernt Schiele , Federico Tombari

Score-based diffusion models have emerged as one of the most promising frameworks for deep generative modelling. In this work we conduct a systematic comparison and theoretical analysis of different approaches to learning conditional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-29 Georgios Batzolis , Jan Stanczuk , Carola-Bibiane Schönlieb , Christian Etmann

The class-conditional image generation based on diffusion models is renowned for generating high-quality and diverse images. However, most prior efforts focus on generating images for general categories, e.g., 1000 classes in ImageNet-1k. A…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Ziying Pan , Kun Wang , Gang Li , Feihong He , Yongxuan Lai

While diffusion models have revolutionized text-to-image generation with their ability to synthesize realistic and diverse scenes, they continue to struggle to generate consistent and legible text within images. This shortcoming is commonly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Tianyu Zhang , Xinyu Wang , Lu Li , Zhenghan Tai , Jijun Chi , Jingrui Tian , Hailin He , Suyuchen Wang

Diffusion models are a class of generative models that serve to establish a stochastic transport map between an empirically observed, yet unknown, target distribution and a known prior. Despite their remarkable success in real-world…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Puheng Li , Zhong Li , Huishuai Zhang , Jiang Bian

Diffusion models are state-of-the-art tools for various generative tasks. Yet training these models involves estimating high-dimensional score functions, which in principle suffers from the curse of dimensionality. It is therefore important…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Georg A. Gottwald , Shuigen Liu , Youssef Marzouk , Sebastian Reich , Xin T. Tong

Diffusion models offer stable training and state-of-the-art performance for deep generative modeling tasks. Here, we consider their use in the context of multivariate subsurface modeling and probabilistic inversion. We first demonstrate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Roberto Miele , Niklas Linde

Diffusion models have been widely used in the generative domain due to their convincing performance in modeling complex data distributions. Moreover, they have shown competitive results on discriminative tasks, such as image segmentation.…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Hounsu Kim , Taegyun Kwon , Juhan Nam

Large pre-trained models have had a significant impact on computer vision by enabling multi-modal learning, where the CLIP model has achieved impressive results in image classification, object detection, and semantic segmentation. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Sitian Shen , Zilin Zhu , Linqian Fan , Harry Zhang , Xinxiao Wu

Generative diffusion models, famous for their performance in image generation, are popular in various cross-domain applications. However, their use in the communication community has been mostly limited to auxiliary tasks like data modeling…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Ruihuai Liang , Bo Yang , Zhiwen Yu , Bin Guo , Xuelin Cao , Mérouane Debbah , H. Vincent Poor , Chau Yuen

Diffusion models have demonstrated remarkable performance in generating high-dimensional samples across domains such as vision, language, and the sciences. Although continuous-state diffusion models have been extensively studied both…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Aadithya Srikanth , Mudit Gaur , Vaneet Aggarwal

Recent work showed that large diffusion models can be reused as highly precise monocular depth estimators by casting depth estimation as an image-conditional image generation task. While the proposed model achieved state-of-the-art results,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Gonzalo Martin Garcia , Karim Knaebel , Christian Schmidt , Daan de Geus , Alexander Hermans , Bastian Leibe

The pre-trained text-image discriminative models, such as CLIP, has been explored for open-vocabulary semantic segmentation with unsatisfactory results due to the loss of crucial localization information and awareness of object shapes.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Jinglong Wang , Xiawei Li , Jing Zhang , Qingyuan Xu , Qin Zhou , Qian Yu , Lu Sheng , Dong Xu

Diffusion models are powerful, but they require a lot of time and data to train. We propose Patch Diffusion, a generic patch-wise training framework, to significantly reduce the training time costs while improving data efficiency, which…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Zhendong Wang , Yifan Jiang , Huangjie Zheng , Peihao Wang , Pengcheng He , Zhangyang Wang , Weizhu Chen , Mingyuan Zhou