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Conventional embedding-based models approach event time prediction in temporal knowledge graphs (TKGs) as a ranking problem. However, they often fall short in capturing essential temporal relationships such as order and distance. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Siheng Xiong , Yuan Yang , Ali Payani , James C Kerce , Faramarz Fekri

Temporal Knowledge Graph Reasoning (TKGR) is the process of utilizing temporal information to capture complex relations within a Temporal Knowledge Graph (TKG) to infer new knowledge. Conventional methods in TKGR typically depend on deep…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Jiapu Wang , Kai Sun , Linhao Luo , Wei Wei , Yongli Hu , Alan Wee-Chung Liew , Shirui Pan , Baocai Yin

Knowledge graph completion (KGC) can predict missing links and is crucial for real-world knowledge graphs, which widely suffer from incompleteness. KGC methods assume a knowledge graph is static, but that may lead to inaccurate prediction…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Borui Cai , Yong Xiang , Longxiang Gao , He Zhang , Yunfeng Li , Jianxin Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in text generation and understanding, yet their reliance on implicit, unstructured knowledge often leads to factual inaccuracies and limited interpretability. Knowledge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Qinggang Zhang

A temporal knowledge graph (TKG) stores the events derived from the data involving time. Predicting events is extremely challenging due to the time-sensitive property of events. Besides, the previous TKG completion (TKGC) approaches cannot…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-16 Guanglin Niu , Bo Li

Temporal knowledge graph (TKG) reasoning aims to predict future events from historical facts. A key challenge lies in jointly capturing two sources of predictive information in TKGs: historical evidence and evolutionary dynamics. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Shuai-long Lei , Xiaobin Zhu , Jiarui Liang , Guoxi Sun , Zhiyu Fang , Xu-Cheng Yin

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong performance in natural language generation but remain limited in knowle- dge-intensive tasks due to outdated or incomplete internal knowledge. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Dong Li , Yichen Niu , Ying Ai , Xiang Zou , Biqing Qi , Jianxing Liu

Knowledge Graphs (KGs) provide a structured representation of knowledge but often suffer from challenges of incompleteness. To address this, link prediction or knowledge graph completion (KGC) aims to infer missing new facts based on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Wenkai Tu , Guojia Wan , Zhengchun Shang , Bo Du

Knowledge graph completion (KGC) is a widely used method to tackle incompleteness in knowledge graphs (KGs) by making predictions for missing links. Description-based KGC leverages pre-trained language models to learn entity and relation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Derong Xu , Ziheng Zhang , Zhenxi Lin , Xian Wu , Zhihong Zhu , Tong Xu , Xiangyu Zhao , Yefeng Zheng , Enhong Chen

Inferring missing facts in temporal knowledge graphs (TKGs) is a fundamental and challenging task. Previous works have approached this problem by augmenting methods for static knowledge graphs to leverage time-dependent representations.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-09 Jiapeng Wu , Meng Cao , Jackie Chi Kit Cheung , William L. Hamilton

Temporal Knowledge Graph Reasoning (TKGR) aims at inferring missing (especially future) events from historical data. Current evaluation in TKGR uniformly weights all events, ignoring that most are trivial repetitions, which overestimate the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Rikui Huang , Shengzhe Zhang , Wei Wei

Stemming from traditional knowledge graphs (KGs), hyper-relational KGs (HKGs) provide additional key-value pairs (i.e., qualifiers) for each KG fact that help to better restrict the fact validity. In recent years, there has been an…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Zifeng Ding , Jingcheng Wu , Jingpei Wu , Yan Xia , Volker Tresp

Temporal Knowledge Graph (TKG) is an extension of regular knowledge graph by attaching the time scope. Existing temporal knowledge graph question answering (TKGQA) models solely approach simple questions, owing to the prior assumption that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-05 Rikui Huang , Wei Wei , Xiaoye Qu , Wenfeng Xie , Xianling Mao , Dangyang Chen

Temporal Knowledge Graphs (TKGs) store temporal facts with quadruple formats (s, p, o, t). Existing Temporal Knowledge Graph Embedding (TKGE) models perform link prediction tasks in transductive or semi-inductive settings, which means the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Jiaxin Pan , Mojtaba Nayyeri , Osama Mohammed , Daniel Hernandez , Rongchuan Zhang , Cheng Cheng , Steffen Staab

The scarcity of high-quality knowledge graphs (KGs) remains a critical bottleneck for downstream AI applications, as existing extraction methods rely heavily on error-prone pattern-matching techniques or resource-intensive large language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Teng Lin

Temporal knowledge graph (TKG) reasoning aims to infer future facts at unseen timestamps from temporally evolving entities and relations. Despite recent progress, existing approaches still suffer from inherent limitations due to their…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Shuai-Long Lei , Xiaobin Zhu , Jiarui Liang , Guoxi Sun , Zhiyu Fang , Xu-Cheng Yin

Forecasting on geopolitical temporal knowledge graphs (TKGs) through the lens of large language models (LLMs) has recently gained traction. While TKGs and their generalization, hyper-relational temporal knowledge graphs (HTKGs), offer a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Kian Ahrabian , Eric Boxer , Jay Pujara

Knowledge is inherently time-sensitive and continuously evolves over time. Although current Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems enrich LLMs with external knowledge, they largely ignore this temporal nature. This raises two…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Jiale Han , Austin Cheung , Yubai Wei , Zheng Yu , Xusheng Wang , Bing Zhu , Yi Yang

Knowledge Graphs (KGs) are foundational structures in many AI applications, representing entities and their interrelations through triples. However, triple-based KGs lack the contextual information of relational knowledge, like temporal…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-01 Chengjin Xu , Muzhi Li , Cehao Yang , Xuhui Jiang , Lumingyuan Tang , Yiyan Qi , Jian Guo

Large Language Models (LLMs) often struggle with producing factually consistent answers due to limitations in their parametric memory. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) paradigms mitigate this issue by incorporating external knowledge at…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Shanglin Wu , Lihui Liu , Jinho D. Choi , Kai Shu