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Large language models such as GPT and Llama are trained with a next-token prediction loss. In this work, we suggest that training language models to predict multiple future tokens at once results in higher sample efficiency. More…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Fabian Gloeckle , Badr Youbi Idrissi , Baptiste Rozière , David Lopez-Paz , Gabriel Synnaeve

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly explored in robot manipulation, but many existing methods struggle to adapt to new environments. Many systems require either environment-specific policy training or depend on fixed prompts and…

Long context inference scenarios have become increasingly important for large language models, yet they introduce significant computational latency. While prior research has optimized long-sequence inference through operators, model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Wei Shao , Lingchao Zheng , Pengyu Wang , Peizhen Zheng , Jun Li , Yuwei Fan

Standard next-token prediction (NTP) supervises language models solely through discrete labels in the output logit space. We argue that this sparse one-hot supervision leaves the latent representation space under-constrained, allowing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Xiangdong Zhang , Debing Zhang , Shaofeng Zhang , Xiaohan Qin , Yu Cheng , Junchi Yan

This paper introduces a simple and scalable approach to improve the data efficiency of large language model (LLM) training by augmenting existing text data with thinking trajectories. The compute for pre-training LLMs has been growing at an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Liang Wang , Nan Yang , Shaohan Huang , Li Dong , Furu Wei

Multi-token prediction (MTP) is a prominent strategy to significantly speed up generation in large language models (LLMs), including byte-level LLMs, which are tokeniser-free but prohibitively slow. However, existing MTP methods often…

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable in-context learning (ICL) abilities. However, existing theoretical analysis of ICL primarily exhibits two limitations: (a) Limited i.i.d. Setting. Most studies focus on supervised…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Zixuan Gong , Xiaolin Hu , Huayi Tang , Yong Liu

Recent methods that integrate spatial layouts with text for document understanding in large language models (LLMs) have shown promising results. A commonly used method is to represent layout information as text tokens and interleave them…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Zhaoqing Zhu , Chuwei Luo , Zirui Shao , Feiyu Gao , Hangdi Xing , Qi Zheng , Ji Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) possess latent multi-token prediction (MTP) abilities despite being trained only for next-token generation. We introduce ESP (Embedding-Space Probing), a simple and training-free MTP method that probes an LLM…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Raghavv Goel , Mukul Gagrani , Mingu Lee , Chris Lott

Current soft prompt methods yield limited performance when applied to small-sized models (fewer than a billion parameters). Deep prompt-tuning, which entails prepending parameters in each layer for enhanced efficacy, presents a solution for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Mingqi Li , Feng Luo

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promising results on various language and vision tasks. Recently, there has been growing interest in applying LLMs to graph-based tasks, particularly on Text-Attributed Graphs (TAGs). However, most…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Zhongmou He , Jing Zhu , Shengyi Qian , Joyce Chai , Danai Koutra

As Large Language Models (LLMs) scale up, inference efficiency becomes a critical bottleneck. Multi-Token Prediction (MTP) could accelerate LLM inference by predicting multiple future tokens in parallel. However, existing MTP approaches…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Guoliang Zhao , Ruobing Xie , An Wang , Shuaipeng Li , Huaibing Xie , Xingwu Sun

Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) are widely used in the field of natural language processing (NLP), ranging from text categorization to question answering and machine translation. However, RNNs generally read the whole text from beginning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-05-29 Ting Huang , Gehui Shen , Zhi-Hong Deng

Document parsing, as a fundamental yet crucial vision task, is being revolutionized by vision-language models (VLMs). However, the autoregressive (AR) decoding inherent to VLMs creates a significant bottleneck, severely limiting parsing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Lei Li , Ze Zhao , Meng Li , Zhongwang Lun , Yi Yuan , Xingjing Lu , Zheng Wei , Jiang Bian , Zang Li

Despite the recent success of large language models (LLMs), LLMs are particularly challenging in long-sequence inference scenarios due to the quadratic computational complexity of the attention mechanism. Inspired by the interpretability…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Yao Tao , Yehui Tang , Yun Wang , Mingjian Zhu , Hailin Hu , Yunhe Wang

In this short report, we introduce joint multi-token prediction (JTP), a lightweight modification of standard next-token prediction designed to enrich hidden state representations by jointly predicting multiple future tokens. Unlike…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-31 Kwangjun Ahn , Alex Lamb , John Langford

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated exceptional success in various multimodal tasks, yet their deployment is frequently limited by substantial computational demands and prolonged inference times. Given that the vision…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Zihui Zhao , Yingxin Li , Yang Li

Large language models produce powerful text embeddings, but their causal attention mechanism restricts the flow of information from later to earlier tokens, degrading representation quality. While recent methods attempt to solve this by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Xueying Ding , Xingyue Huang , Mingxuan Ju , Liam Collins , Yozen Liu , Leman Akoglu , Neil Shah , Tong Zhao

Large language models such as GPT and Llama are trained with a next-token prediction loss. In this work, we suggest that training language models to predict multiple future tokens at once results in higher sample efficiency. More…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Athul Radhakrishnan , Siddhant Mohan , Mahima Sachdeva

With the increasingly giant scales of (causal) large language models (LLMs), the inference efficiency comes as one of the core concerns along the improved performance. In contrast to the memory footprint, the latency bottleneck seems to be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-24 Chen Zhang , Zhuorui Liu , Dawei Song