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As large language models (LLMs) become increasingly powerful, the sequential nature of autoregressive generation creates a fundamental throughput bottleneck that limits the practical deployment. While Multi-Token Prediction (MTP) has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Yuxuan Cai , Xiaozhuan Liang , Xinghua Wang , Jin Ma , Haijin Liang , Jinwen Luo , Xinyu Zuo , Lisheng Duan , Yuyang Yin , Xi Chen

We systematically investigate multi-token prediction (MTP) capabilities within LLMs pre-trained for next-token prediction (NTP). We first show that such models inherently possess MTP capabilities via numerical marginalization over…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Somesh Mehra , Javier Alonso Garcia , Lukas Mauch

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved impressive performance across diverse tasks but continue to struggle with learning transitive relations, a cornerstone for complex planning. To address this issue, we investigate the Multi-Token…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Qimin Zhong , Hao Liao , Siwei Wang , Mingyang Zhou , Xiaoqun Wu , Rui Mao , Wei Chen

Building on the foundations of language modeling in natural language processing, Next Token Prediction (NTP) has evolved into a versatile training objective for machine learning tasks across various modalities, achieving considerable…

Whether Large Language Models (LLMs) develop coherent internal world models remains a core debate. While conventional Next-Token Prediction (NTP) focuses on one-step-ahead supervision, Multi-Token Prediction (MTP) has shown promise in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Qimin Zhong , Hao Liao , Haiming Qin , Mingyang Zhou , Rui Mao , Wei Chen , Naipeng Chao

Multi-token prediction (MTP) has been proposed as an auxiliary objective to improve next-token prediction (NTP) in language model training but shows inconsistent improvements, underperforming in standard NLP benchmarks. We found MTP's exact…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Zayd M. K. Zuhri , Erland Hilman Fuadi , Alham Fikri Aji

The next-token prediction (NTP) objective has been foundational in the development of modern large language models (LLMs), driving advances in fluency and generalization. However, NTP operates at the \textit{token} level, treating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Laya Iyer , Pranav Somani , Alice Guo , Dan Jurafsky , Chen Shani

The paradigm of Next Token Prediction (NTP) has driven the unprecedented success of Large Language Models (LLMs), but is also the source of their most persistent weaknesses such as poor long-term planning, error accumulation, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Charlie Wyatt , Aditya Joshi , Flora Salim

Optimizing training performance in large language models (LLMs) remains an essential challenge, particularly in improving model performance while maintaining computational costs. This work challenges the conventional approach of training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Chun-Hao Yang , Bo-Han Feng , Tzu-Yuan Lai , Yan Yu Chen , Yin-Kai Dean Huang , Shou-De Lin

Transformer-based models primarily rely on Next Token Prediction (NTP), which predicts the next token in a sequence based on the preceding context. However, NTP's focus on single-token prediction often limits a model's ability to plan ahead…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Charlie Wyatt , Aditya Joshi , Flora Salim

Multi-token prediction (MTP) is a recently proposed pre-training objective for language models. Rather than predicting only the next token (NTP), MTP predicts the next $k$ tokens at each prediction step, using multiple prediction heads. MTP…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Ansar Aynetdinov , Alan Akbik

Since the inception of Large Language Models (LLMs), the quest to efficiently train them for superior reasoning capabilities has been a pivotal challenge. The dominant training paradigm for LLMs is based on next token prediction (NTP).…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Pengxiao Lin , Zhongwang Zhang , Zhi-Qin John Xu

Speech large language models (LLMs) have emerged as a prominent research focus in speech processing. We introduce VocalNet-1B and VocalNet-8B, a series of high-performance, low-latency speech LLMs enabled by a scalable and model-agnostic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Yuhao Wang , Heyang Liu , Ziyang Cheng , Ronghua Wu , Qunshan Gu , Yanfeng Wang , Yu Wang

Next-token prediction (NTP) has driven the success of large language models (LLMs), but it struggles with long-horizon reasoning, planning, and creative writing, with these limitations largely attributed to teacher-forced training.…

Next token prediction paradigm has been prevailing for autoregressive models in the era of LLMs. The current default sampling choice for popular LLMs is temperature scaling together with nucleus sampling to balance diversity and coherence.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Yizhou Wang , Lingzhi Zhang , Yue Bai , Mang Tik Chiu , Zhengmian Hu , Mingyuan Zhang , Qihua Dong , Yu Yin , Sohrab Amirghodsi , Yun Fu

Large Language Models (LLMs) are discovered to suffer from accurately retrieving key information. To address this, we propose Mask-Enhanced Autoregressive Prediction (MEAP), a simple yet effective training paradigm that seamlessly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Xialie Zhuang , Zhikai Jia , Jianjin Li , Zhenyu Zhang , Li Shen , Zheng Cao , Shiwei Liu

While next-token prediction (NTP) has been the standard objective for training language models, it often struggles to capture global structure in reasoning tasks. Multi-token prediction (MTP) has recently emerged as a promising alternative,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Jianhao Huang , Zhanpeng Zhou , Renqiu Xia , Baharan Mirzasoleiman , Weijie Su , Wei Huang

Long-context inference enhances the reasoning capability of Large Language Models (LLMs), but incurs significant computational overhead. Token-oriented methods, such as pruning and skipping, have shown great promise in reducing inference…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Zimeng Wu , Donghao Wang , Chaozhe Jin , Jiaxin Chen , Yunhong Wang

Autoregressive decoding in language models is inherently slow, generating only one token per forward pass. We propose Parallel Token Prediction (PTP), a general-purpose framework for predicting multiple tokens in a single model call. PTP…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Felix Draxler , Justus Will , Farrin Marouf Sofian , Theofanis Karaletsos , Sameer Singh , Stephan Mandt

Extracting sentence embeddings from large language models (LLMs) is a promising direction, as LLMs have demonstrated stronger semantic understanding capabilities. Previous studies typically focus on prompt engineering to elicit sentence…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Yuchen Fu , Zifeng Cheng , Zhiwei Jiang , Zhonghui Wang , Yafeng Yin , Zhengliang Li , Qing Gu
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