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Traditional Automated Speaking Assessment (ASA) systems exhibit inherent modality limitations: text-based approaches lack acoustic information while audio-based methods miss semantic context. Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLM) offer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Yu-Hsuan Fang , Tien-Hong Lo , Yao-Ting Sung , Berlin Chen

Full-duplex spoken dialogue requires a model to keep listening while generating its own spoken response. This is challenging for large language models (LLMs), which are designed to extend a single coherent sequence and do not naturally…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Hui Lu , Xueyuan Chen , Huimeng Wang , Shuhai Peng , Shiyin Kang , Xixin Wu , Zhiyong Wu

Recent progress in LLMs has enabled understanding of audio signals, but has also exposed new safety risks arising from complex audio inputs that are inadequately handled by current safeguards. We introduce SACRED-Bench (Speech-Audio…

The recent surge in open-source Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLM) frameworks, such as LLaVA, provides a convenient kickoff for artificial intelligence developers and researchers. However, most of the MLLM frameworks take vision as the…

Recent Large Audio-Language Models (LALMs) have shown strong performance on various audio understanding tasks such as speech translation and Audio Q\&A. However, they exhibit significant limitations on challenging audio reasoning tasks in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Zhen Xiong , Yujun Cai , Zhecheng Li , Junsong Yuan , Yiwei Wang

Omni-modal large language models (OLLMs) aim to unify multimodal understanding and generation, yet incorporating speech with 3D facial animation remains largely unexplored despite its importance for natural interaction. A key challenge…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Haoyu Zhang , Zhipeng Li , Yiwen Guo , Tianshu Yu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently garnered significant attention, primarily for their capabilities in text-based interactions. However, natural human interaction often relies on speech, necessitating a shift towards voice-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Wenqian Cui , Dianzhi Yu , Xiaoqi Jiao , Ziqiao Meng , Guangyan Zhang , Qichao Wang , Yiwen Guo , Irwin King

To support long-term interaction in complex environments, LLM agents require memory systems that manage historical experiences. Existing approaches either retain full interaction histories via passive context extension, leading to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Jiaqi Liu , Yaofeng Su , Peng Xia , Siwei Han , Zeyu Zheng , Cihang Xie , Mingyu Ding , Huaxiu Yao

Large language models (LLMs) operate within fixed context windows that fundamentally limit conversational continuity. When context fills, compaction discards history irreversibly; when sessions end, all memory resets to zero. Existing…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Rajendra Narayan Jena , Rajan Padmanabhan , Sankar Arumugam

Recent advancements in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) pursue omni-perception capabilities, yet integrating robust sensory grounding with complex reasoning remains a challenge, particularly for underrepresented regions. In this…

Recently, ``textless" speech language models (SLMs) based on speech units have made huge progress in generating naturalistic speech, including non-verbal vocalizations. However, the generated speech samples often lack semantic coherence. In…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-03 Haitian Lu , Gaofeng Cheng , Liuping Luo , Leying Zhang , Yanmin Qian , Pengyuan Zhang

Recent large language models (LLMs) have achieved impressive reasoning milestones but continue to struggle with high computational costs, logical inconsistencies, and sharp performance degradation on high-complexity problems. While…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Adam Ishay , Joohyung Lee

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized the landscape of Natural Language Processing systems, but are computationally expensive. To reduce the cost without sacrificing performance, previous studies have explored various approaches…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Chia-Hsuan Lee , Hao Cheng , Mari Ostendorf

As the foundational component of versatile AI applications, training an multimodal large language model (MLLM) relies on multimodal datasets with dynamic modality mixture proportions and sample length distributions. However, existing MLLM…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Chunyu Xue , Yangrui Chen , Jianyu Jiang , Ningxin Zheng , Junda Feng , Jingji Chen , Shixiong Zhao , Shen Yan , Yi Lin , Lei Shi , Zanbo Wang , Lishu Luo , Faming Wu , Haibin Lin , Xin Liu , Yanghua Peng , Quan Chen

As the paradigm of AI shifts from text-based LLMs to Speech Language Models (SLMs), there is a growing demand for full-duplex systems capable of real-time, natural human-computer interaction. However, the development of such models is…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Kyudan Jung , Jihwan Kim , Soyoon Kim , Jeonghoon Kim , Jaegul Choo , Cheonbok Park

Recent advancements in speech-to-speech dialogue systems leverage LLMs for multimodal interactions, yet they remain hindered by fine-tuning requirements, high computational overhead, and text-speech misalignment. Existing speech-enabled…

Real-time Spoken Language Models (SLMs) struggle to leverage Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning due to the prohibitive latency of generating the entire thought process sequentially. Enabling SLMs to think while speaking, similar to humans, is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Donghang Wu , Haoyang Zhang , Jun Chen , Xiangyu , Zhang , Hexin Liu , Eng Siong Chng , Fei Tian , Xuerui Yang , Xiangyu Zhang , Daxin Jiang , Gang Yu

Despite recent advances in speech-to-speech translation (S2ST), it remains difficult to achieve both high translation accuracy and practical flexibility. In this paper, we present S2ST-Omni, a compositional S2ST framework that integrates a…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-07 Yu Pan , Xiongfei Wu , Yuguang Yang , Jixun Yao , Lei Ma , Jianjun Zhao

Recent advancements in large audio language models (LALMs) have demonstrated impressive results and promising prospects in universal understanding and reasoning across speech, music, and general sound. However, these models still lack the…

The growing diversity of large language models (LLMs) means users often need to compare and combine outputs from different models to obtain higher-quality or more comprehensive responses. However, switching between separate interfaces and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Yingtian Shi , Jinda Yang , Yuhan Wang , Yiwen Yin , Haoyu Li , Kunyu Gao , Chun Yu