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There is an increasing body of work using Large Language Models (LLMs) as agents for orchestrating workflows and making decisions in domains that require planning and multi-step reasoning. As a result, it is imperative to evaluate LLMs on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Harsha Kokel , Michael Katz , Kavitha Srinivas , Shirin Sohrabi

Automatic readability assessment is relevant to building NLP applications for education, content analysis, and accessibility. However, Arabic readability assessment is a challenging task due to Arabic's morphological richness and limited…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Juan Piñeros Liberato , Bashar Alhafni , Muhamed Al Khalil , Nizar Habash

Humans build viewpoint-independent cognitive maps through navigation, enabling intuitive reasoning about object permanence and spatial relations. We argue that multimodal large language models (MLLMs), despite extensive video training, lack…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Jacob Thompson , Emiliano Garcia-Lopez , Yonatan Bisk

Reasoning ability has become a central focus in the advancement of Large Reasoning Models (LRMs). Although notable progress has been achieved on several reasoning benchmarks such as MATH500 and LiveCodeBench, existing benchmarks for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Henan Sun , Kaichi Yu , Yuyao Wang , Bowen Liu , Xunkai Li , Rong-Hua Li , Nuo Chen , Jia Li

Multilingual benchmarks rarely test reasoning over culturally grounded premises: translated datasets keep English-centric scenarios, while culture-first datasets often lack control over the reasoning required. We propose Macaron, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Alaa Elsetohy , Sama Hadhoud , Haryo Akbarianto Wibowo , Chenxi Whitehouse , Genta Indra Winata , Fajri Koto , Alham Fikri Aji

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have achieved impressive results on vision-language benchmarks, yet it remains unclear whether these benchmarks assess genuine global reasoning or allow success via localized visual cues. Existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Amit Agarwal , Hitesh Laxmichand Patel , Srikant Panda , Hansa Meghwani , Jyotika Singh , Karan Dua , Paul Li , Tao Sheng , Sujith Ravi , Dan Roth

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have recently demonstrated remarkable reasoning abilities with reinforcement learning paradigm. Although several multimodal reasoning models have been explored in the medical domain, most of them…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Ruiqi Wu , Yuang Yao , Tengfei Ma , Chenran Zhang , Na Su , Tao Zhou , Geng Chen , Wen Fan , Yi Zhou

Developing robust automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems for Arabic requires effective strategies to manage its diversity. Existing ASR systems mainly cover the modern standard Arabic (MSA) variety and few high-resource dialects, but…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Amirbek Djanibekov , Hawau Olamide Toyin , Raghad Alshalan , Abdullah Alitr , Hanan Aldarmaki

In this paper, we introduce the Multilingual Moral Reasoning Benchmark (MMRB) to evaluate the moral reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs) across five typologically diverse languages and three levels of contextual complexity:…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Huichi Zhou , Zehao Xu , Munan Zhao , Kaihong Li , Yiqiang Li , Hongtao Wang

As Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) continue to evolve, their cognitive and reasoning capabilities have seen remarkable progress. However, challenges in visual fine-grained perception and commonsense causal inference persist. This…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Yang Yao , Lingyu Li , Jiaxin Song , Chiyu Chen , Zhenqi He , Yixu Wang , Xin Wang , Tianle Gu , Jie Li , Yan Teng , Yingchun Wang

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) still exhibit large performance gaps between English and other languages, yet much current work assumes these gaps can be closed simply by making reasoning in every language resemble English reasoning. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Dayeon Ki , Kevin Duh , Marine Carpuat

Despite significant progress in Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs), their clinical reasoning capacity for multi-modal diagnosis remains largely unexamined. Current benchmarks, mostly single-modality data, can't evaluate progressive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Gui Wang , Zehao Zhong , YongSong Zhou , Yudong Li , Ende Wu , Wooi Ping Cheah , Rong Qu , Jianfeng Ren , Linlin Shen

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) are now routinely deployed for visual understanding, generation, and curation. A substantial fraction of these applications require an explicit aesthetic judgment. Most existing solutions reduce this…

Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) have become increasingly versatile, accompanied by impressive Optical Character Recognition (OCR) related capabilities. Existing OCR-related benchmarks emphasize evaluating LMMs' abilities of relatively simple…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Haibin He , Maoyuan Ye , Jing Zhang , Xiantao Cai , Juhua Liu , Bo Du , Dacheng Tao

Reward models play an essential role in training vision-language models (VLMs) by assessing output quality to enable aligning with human preferences. Despite their importance, the research community lacks comprehensive open benchmarks for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Michihiro Yasunaga , Luke Zettlemoyer , Marjan Ghazvininejad

In recent years, cross-modal reasoning (CMR), the process of understanding and reasoning across different modalities, has emerged as a pivotal area with applications spanning from multimedia analysis to healthcare diagnostics. As the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-15 Dizhan Xue , Shengsheng Qian , Zuyi Zhou , Changsheng Xu

Large language models (LLMs) have become increasingly pivotal across various domains, especially in handling complex data types. This includes structured data processing, as exemplified by ChartQA and ChatGPT-Ada, and multimodal…

Multimodal emotion analysis is shifting from static classification to generative reasoning. Beyond simple label prediction, robust affective reasoning must synthesize fine-grained signals such as facial micro-expressions and prosodic which…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Zhixian Zhao , Wenjie Tian , Lei Xie

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have achieved impressive progress on vision language benchmarks, yet their capacity for visual cognitive and visuospatial reasoning remains less understood. We introduce "Mind's Eye", a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Rohit Sinha , Aditya Kanade , Sai Srinivas Kancheti , Vineeth N Balasubramanian , Tanuja Ganu

Reward models (RMs) guide the alignment of large language models (LLMs), steering them toward behaviors preferred by humans. Evaluating RMs is the key to better aligning LLMs. However, the current evaluation of RMs may not directly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Enyu Zhou , Guodong Zheng , Binghai Wang , Zhiheng Xi , Shihan Dou , Rong Bao , Wei Shen , Limao Xiong , Jessica Fan , Yurong Mou , Rui Zheng , Tao Gui , Qi Zhang , Xuanjing Huang