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The rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has led to the emergence of Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) to perform complex tasks through collaboration. However, the intricate nature of MAS, including their architecture and agent…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Liwen Wang , Wenxuan Wang , Shuai Wang , Zongjie Li , Zhenlan Ji , Zongyi Lyu , Daoyuan Wu , Shing-Chi Cheung

With the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence, multi-agent systems (MASs) are evolving from classical paradigms toward architectures built upon large foundation models (LFMs). This survey provides a systematic review and comparative…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Zixiang Wang , Mengjia Gong , Qiyu Sun , Jing Xu , Shuai Mao , Xin Jin , Qing-Long Han , Yang Tang

Large language model (LLM)-driven multi-agent systems (MAS) are transforming how humans and AIs collaboratively generate ideas and artifacts. While existing surveys provide comprehensive overviews of MAS infrastructures, they largely…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Yi-Cheng Lin , Kang-Chieh Chen , Zhe-Yan Li , Tzu-Heng Wu , Tzu-Hsuan Wu , Kuan-Yu Chen , Hung-yi Lee , Yun-Nung Chen

With the rapid development of LLM-based multi-agent systems (MAS), their significant safety and security concerns have emerged, which introduce novel risks going beyond single agents or LLMs. Despite attempts to address these issues, the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Kai Wang , Biaojie Zeng , Zeming Wei , Chang Jin , Hefeng Zhou , Xiangtian Li , Chao Yang , Jingjing Qu , Xingcheng Xu , Xia Hu

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved impressive results in natural language understanding, yet their reasoning capabilities remain limited when operating as single agents. Multi-Agent Debate (MAD) has been proposed to address this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Xiao Wang , Jia Wang , Yijie Wang , Pengtao Dang , Sha Cao , Chi Zhang

In recent years, Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in data analytics when integrated with Multi-Agent Systems (MAS). However, these systems often struggle with complex tasks that involve diverse…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Yi Huang , Fangyin Cheng , Fan Zhou , Jiahui Li , Jian Gong , Hongjun Yang , Zhidong Fan , Caigao Jiang , Siqiao Xue , Faqiang Chen

Multi-agent systems (MAS) built on large language models (LLMs) offer a promising path toward solving complex, real-world tasks that single-agent systems often struggle to manage. While recent advancements in test-time scaling (TTS) have…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Can Jin , Hongwu Peng , Qixin Zhang , Yujin Tang , Dimitris N. Metaxas , Tong Che

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong capabilities as autonomous agents through tool use, planning, and decision-making abilities, leading to their widespread adoption across diverse tasks. As task complexity grows,…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Ishan Kavathekar , Hemang Jain , Ameya Rathod , Ponnurangam Kumaraguru , Tanuja Ganu

Multi-agent systems (MAS) utilizing multiple Large Language Model agents with Retrieval Augmented Generation and that can execute code locally may become beneficial in cosmological data analysis. Here, we illustrate a first small step…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2024-12-04 Andrew Laverick , Kristen Surrao , Inigo Zubeldia , Boris Bolliet , Miles Cranmer , Antony Lewis , Blake Sherwin , Julien Lesgourgues

This paper formalises the literature on emerging design patterns and paradigms for Large Language Model (LLM)-enabled multi-agent systems (MAS), evaluating their practical utility across various domains. We define key architectural…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Harri Renney , Maxim N Nethercott , Nathan Renney , Peter Hayes

Therapy recommendation for chronic patients with multimorbidity is challenging due to risks of treatment conflicts. Existing decision support systems face scalability limitations. Inspired by the way in which general practitioners (GP)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Yicong Wu , Ting Chen , Irit Hochberg , Zhoujian Sun , Ruth Edry , Zhengxing Huang , Mor Peleg

Telecom networks are rapidly growing in scale and complexity, making effective management, operation, and optimization increasingly challenging. Although Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been applied to many telecom tasks, existing models…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Chenhua Shi , Bhavika Jalli , Gregor Macdonald , John Zou , Wanlu Lei , Mridul Jain , Joji Philip

As LLM-based Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) are increasingly deployed for complex tasks, ensuring their reliability has become a pressing challenge. Since MAS coordinate through unstructured natural language rather than rigid protocols, they are…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Jin Jia , Zhiling Deng , Zhuangbin Chen , Yingqi Wang , Zibin Zheng

Multi-agent systems (MAS) leveraging the impressive capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) hold significant potential for tackling complex tasks. However, most current MAS depend on manually designed agent roles and communication…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Zixuan Ke , Austin Xu , Yifei Ming , Xuan-Phi Nguyen , Ryan Chin , Caiming Xiong , Shafiq Joty

This study explores the application of chaos engineering to enhance the robustness of Large Language Model-Based Multi-Agent Systems (LLM-MAS) in production-like environments under real-world conditions. LLM-MAS can potentially improve a…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Joshua Owotogbe

Despite enthusiasm for Multi-Agent LLM Systems (MAS), their performance gains on popular benchmarks are often minimal. This gap highlights a critical need for a principled understanding of why MAS fail. Addressing this question requires…

A significant challenge facing researchers in the area of multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) pertains to the identification of a library that can offer fast and compatible development for multi-agent tasks and algorithm combinations,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Siyi Hu , Yifan Zhong , Minquan Gao , Weixun Wang , Hao Dong , Xiaodan Liang , Zhihui Li , Xiaojun Chang , Yaodong Yang

LLM-based agents are increasingly deployed in multi-agent systems (MAS). As these systems move toward real-world applications, their security becomes paramount. Existing research largely evaluates single-agent security, leaving a critical…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Nirmit Arora , Sathvik Joel , Ishan Kavathekar , Palak , Rohan Gandhi , Yash Pandya , Tanuja Ganu , Aditya Kanade , Akshay Nambi

We present MOSAIC, a multi-agent Large Language Model (LLM) framework for solving challenging scientific coding tasks. Unlike general-purpose coding, scientific workflows require algorithms that are rigorous, interconnected with deep domain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Siddeshwar Raghavan , Tanwi Mallick

As the complexity of Software Engineering (SE) tasks continues to escalate, Multi-Agent Systems (MASs) have emerged as a focal point of research and practice due to their autonomy and scalability. Furthermore, through leveraging the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Yangxiao Cai , Ruiyin Li , Peng Liang , Mojtaba Shahin , Zengyang Li