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Large language model multi-agent systems (LLM-MAS) offer a promising paradigm for harnessing collective intelligence to achieve more advanced forms of AI behaviour. While recent studies suggest that LLM-MAS can outperform LLM single-agent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Bohan Tang , Huidong Liang , Keyue Jiang , Xiaowen Dong

Multi-agent systems (MAS) powered by Large Language Models (LLMs) have been demonstrated to push the boundaries of LLM capabilities, yet they often incur significant costs and face challenges in dynamic LLM selection. Current LLM routing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Yanwei Yue , Guibin Zhang , Boyang Liu , Guancheng Wan , Kun Wang , Dawei Cheng , Yiyan Qi

Automatic Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) generation has emerged as a promising paradigm for solving complex reasoning tasks. However, existing frameworks are fundamentally bottlenecked when applied to knowledge-intensive domains (e.g.,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Hehai Lin , Yu Yan , Zixuan Wang , Bo Xu , Sudong Wang , Weiquan Huang , Ruochen Zhao , Minzhi Li , Chengwei Qin

Large Language Model (LLM)-based multi-agent systems (MAS) have emerged as a promising paradigm for solving complex tasks. However, existing works often rely on manual designs or "one-size-fits-all" automation, lacking dynamic adaptability…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Guangyi Liu , Haojun Lin , Huan Zeng , Heng Wang , Quanming Yao

This study proposes the design and implementation of a multimodal LLM-based Multi-Agent System (MAS) leveraging a No-Code platform to address the practical constraints and significant entry barriers associated with AI adoption in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Cheonsu Jeong

Large Language Models (LLMs) based agent systems have made great strides in real-world applications beyond traditional NLP tasks. This paper proposes a new LLM-based Multi-Agent System (LLM-MAS) benchmark, Collab-Overcooked, built on the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Haochen Sun , Shuwen Zhang , Lujie Niu , Lei Ren , Hao Xu , Hao Fu , Fangkun Zhao , Caixia Yuan , Xiaojie Wang

The rapid adoption of LLM-based agentic systems has produced a rich ecosystem of frameworks (smolagents, LangGraph, AutoGen, CAMEL, LlamaIndex, i.a.). Yet existing benchmarks are model-centric: they fix the agentic setup and do not compare…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Cornelius Emde , Alexander Rubinstein , Anmol Goel , Ahmed Heakl , Sangdoo Yun , Seong Joon Oh , Martin Gubri

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as reasoning systems, where reasoning paradigms - such as Chain-of-Thought (CoT) and multi-agent systems (MAS) - play a critical role, yet their relative effectiveness and cost-accuracy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Yapeng Li , Jiakuo Yu , Zhixin Liu , Xinnan Liu , Jing Yu , Songze Li , Tonghua Su

Multi-agent autonomous systems (MAS) are better at addressing challenges that spans across multiple domains than singular autonomous agents. This holds true within the field of software engineering (SE) as well. The state-of-the-art…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Krishna Ronanki

Large language models (LLMs) have proven effective in artificial intelligence, where the multi-agent system (MAS) holds considerable promise for healthcare development by achieving the collaboration of LLMs. However, the absence of a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Zhihao Peng , Liuxin Bao , Yixuan Yuan

Multi-agent LLM frameworks are widely used to accelerate the development of agent systems powered by large language models (LLMs). These frameworks impose distinct architectural structures that govern how agents interact, store information,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Abdelghny Orogat , Ana Rostam , Essam Mansour

In this paper, we propose to incorporate the blackboard architecture into LLM multi-agent systems (MASs) so that (1) agents with various roles can share all the information and others' messages during the whole problem-solving process, (2)…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Bochen Han , Songmao Zhang

LLM-powered Multi-Agent Systems (LLM-MAS) unlock new potentials in distributed reasoning, collaboration, and task generalization but also introduce additional risks due to unguaranteed agreement, cascading uncertainty, and adversarial…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Jinwei Hu , Yi Dong , Shuang Ao , Zhuoyun Li , Boxuan Wang , Lokesh Singh , Guangliang Cheng , Sarvapali D. Ramchurn , Xiaowei Huang

Large language model (LLM)-based multi-agent systems have emerged as a powerful paradigm for enabling autonomous agents to solve complex tasks. As these systems scale in complexity, cost becomes an important consideration for practical…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Liming Yang , Junyu Luo , Xuanzhe Liu , Yiling Lou , Zhenpeng Chen

A large amount of work has been done in Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) for modeling and solving problems with multiple interacting agents. However, most LLMs are pretrained independently and not specifically optimized for coordination. Existing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Shuo Liu , Tianle Chen , Zeyu Liang , Xueguang Lyu , Christopher Amato

Large language model-based multi-agent systems have recently gained significant attention due to their potential for complex, collaborative, and intelligent problem-solving capabilities. Existing surveys typically categorize LLM-based…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Bingyu Yan , Zhibo Zhou , Litian Zhang , Lian Zhang , Ziyi Zhou , Dezhuang Miao , Zhoujun Li , Chaozhuo Li , Xiaoming Zhang

Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) and multi-agent systems (MAS) are increasingly embedded across the software development lifecycle (SDLC), yet their fairness implications for developer-facing tools remain underexplored despite…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Corey Yang-Smith , Ronnie de Souza Santos , Ahmad Abdellatif

Large Language Model-based multi-agent systems (MAS) have shown remarkable progress in solving complex tasks through collaborative reasoning and inter-agent critique. However, existing approaches typically treat each task in isolation,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Yilong Li , Chen Qian , Yu Xia , Ruijie Shi , Yufan Dang , Zihao Xie , Ziming You , Weize Chen , Cheng Yang , Weichuan Liu , Ye Tian , Xuantang Xiong , Lei Han , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun

Multi-agent systems (MAS) have emerged as a prominent paradigm for leveraging large language models (LLMs) to tackle complex tasks. However, the mechanisms governing the effectiveness of MAS built upon publicly available LLMs, specifically…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Yuxuan Zhao , Sijia Chen , Ningxin Su

Large Language Model (LLM)-based Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) enhance complex problem solving through multi-agent collaboration, but often incur substantially higher costs than single-agent systems. Recent MAS routing methods aim to balance…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Di Zhao , Longhui Ma , Siwei Wang , Miao Wang , Yi Kong