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Knowledge-Editing-based (KE-based) detoxification has emerged as a promising approach for mitigating harmful behaviours in Large Language Models. Existing evaluations, however, largely rely on automatic toxicity classifiers, implicitly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Ming Dong , Shiyi Tang , Ziyan Peng , Guanyi Chen , Tingting He

The training of large language models (LLMs) necessitates substantial data and computational resources, and updating outdated LLMs entails significant efforts and resources. While numerous model editing techniques (METs) have emerged to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Himanshu Beniwal , Kowsik Nandagopan D , Mayank Singh

Multilingual language models have significantly advanced due to rapid progress in natural language processing. Models like BLOOM 1.7B, trained on diverse multilingual datasets, aim to bridge linguistic gaps. However, their effectiveness in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Santhosh Kakarla , Gautama Shastry Bulusu Venkata , Aishwarya Gaddam , Maheedhar Sai Omtri Mohan

Providing better language tools for low-resource and endangered languages is imperative for equitable growth. Recent progress with massively multilingual pretrained models has proven surprisingly effective at performing zero-shot transfer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-10 Louis Clouâtre , Prasanna Parthasarathi , Amal Zouaq , Sarath Chandar

The parallel evolution of Large Language Models (LLMs) with advanced code-understanding capabilities and the increasing sophistication of malware presents a new frontier for cybersecurity research. This paper evaluates the efficacy of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Aniesh Chawla , Udbhav Prasad

While large language models (LLMs) present significant potential for supporting numerous real-world applications and delivering positive social impacts, they still face significant challenges in terms of the inherent risk of privacy…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Huandong Wang , Wenjie Fu , Yingzhou Tang , Zhilong Chen , Yuxi Huang , Jinghua Piao , Chen Gao , Fengli Xu , Tao Jiang , Yong Li

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly popular but are also prone to generating bias, toxic or harmful language, which can have detrimental effects on individuals and communities. Although most efforts is put to assess and mitigate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-26 Caroline Brun , Vassilina Nikoulina

The open-endedness of large language models (LLMs) combined with their impressive capabilities may lead to new safety issues when being exploited for malicious use. While recent studies primarily focus on probing toxic outputs that can be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-30 Jiaxin Wen , Pei Ke , Hao Sun , Zhexin Zhang , Chengfei Li , Jinfeng Bai , Minlie Huang

Building safe Large Language Models (LLMs) across multiple languages is essential in ensuring both safe access and linguistic diversity. To this end, we conduct a large-scale, comprehensive safety evaluation of the current LLM landscape.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Felix Friedrich , Simone Tedeschi , Patrick Schramowski , Manuel Brack , Roberto Navigli , Huu Nguyen , Bo Li , Kristian Kersting

Large language models (LLMs) are transforming the ways the general public accesses and consumes information. Their influence is particularly pronounced in pivotal sectors like healthcare, where lay individuals are increasingly appropriating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Yiqiao Jin , Mohit Chandra , Gaurav Verma , Yibo Hu , Munmun De Choudhury , Srijan Kumar

Probing techniques for large language models (LLMs) have primarily focused on English, overlooking the vast majority of the world's languages. In this paper, we extend these probing methods to a multilingual context, investigating the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Daoyang Li , Haiyan Zhao , Qingcheng Zeng , Mengnan Du

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized both general natural language processing and domain-specific applications such as code synthesis, legal reasoning, and finance. However, while prior studies have explored individual model…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Gunjan Das , Paheli Bhattacharya , Rishabh Gupta

Large language models (LLMs) often inherit biases from vast amounts of training corpora. Traditional debiasing methods, while effective to some extent, do not completely eliminate memorized biases and toxicity in LLMs. In this paper, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-25 Huimin Lu , Masaru Isonuma , Junichiro Mori , Ichiro Sakata

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been adopted and deployed worldwide for a broad variety of applications. However, ensuring their safe use remains a significant challenge. Preference training and safety measures often overfit to harms…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Aakanksha , Arash Ahmadian , Seraphina Goldfarb-Tarrant , Beyza Ermis , Marzieh Fadaee , Sara Hooker

In our era of widespread false information, human fact-checkers often face the challenge of duplicating efforts when verifying claims that may have already been addressed in other countries or languages. As false information transcends…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Ivan Vykopal , Matúš Pikuliak , Simon Ostermann , Tatiana Anikina , Michal Gregor , Marián Šimko

Probing the multilingual knowledge of linguistic structure in LLMs, often characterized as sequence labeling, faces challenges with maintaining output templates in current text-to-text prompting strategies. To solve this, we introduce a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Ercong Nie , Shuzhou Yuan , Bolei Ma , Helmut Schmid , Michael Färber , Frauke Kreuter , Hinrich Schütze

Benchmark contamination refers to the presence of test datasets in Large Language Model (LLM) pre-training or post-training data. Contamination can lead to inflated scores on benchmarks, compromising evaluation results and making it…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Sanchit Ahuja , Varun Gumma , Sunayana Sitaram

In this work, we introduce our solution for the Multilingual Text Detoxification Task in the PAN-2025 competition for the ylmmcl team: a robust multilingual text detoxification pipeline that integrates lexicon-guided tagging, a fine-tuned…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Nicole Lai-Lopez , Lusha Wang , Su Yuan , Liza Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated great potential as generalist assistants, showcasing powerful task understanding and problem-solving capabilities. To deploy LLMs as AI assistants, it is crucial that these models exhibit…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Huanqian Wang , Yang Yue , Rui Lu , Jingxin Shi , Andrew Zhao , Shenzhi Wang , Shiji Song , Gao Huang

The implications of backdoor attacks on English-centric large language models (LLMs) have been widely examined - such attacks can be achieved by embedding malicious behaviors during training and activated under specific conditions that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Xuanli He , Jun Wang , Qiongkai Xu , Pasquale Minervini , Pontus Stenetorp , Benjamin I. P. Rubinstein , Trevor Cohn