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Load data from power network clusters indicates economic development in each area, crucial for predicting regional trends and guiding power enterprise decisions. The Transformer model, a leading method for load prediction, faces challenges…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Cheng Jiang , Gang Lu , Xue Ma , Di Wu

In this paper we present new (stochastic) passivity properties for Direct Current (DC) power networks, where the unknown and unpredictable load demand is modelled by a stochastic process. More precisely, the considered power network…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-10-27 Amirreza Silani , Michele Cucuzzella , Jacquelien M. A. Scherpen , Mohammad Javad Yazdanpanah

Data center loads have expanded significantly in recent years. Compared to traditional loads, data centers are highly sensitive to voltage deviations and thus their protection mechanisms trip more proactively during voltage fluctuations.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-07 Yiheng Xie , Wenqi Cui , Adam Wierman

Modern power grids are fast evolving with the increasing volatile renewable generation, distributed energy resources (DERs) and time-varying operating conditions. The DERs include rooftop photovoltaic (PV), small wind turbines, energy…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-08 Xun Gong , Xiaozhe Wang , Bo Cao

Power systems are getting more complex than ever and are consequently operating close to their limit of stability. Moreover, with the increasing demand of renewable wind generation, and the requirement to maintain a secure power system, the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-06-13 Umair Shahzad

Data centers (DCs) are emerging as large, geographically distributed, controllable loads whose participation in electricity markets can significantly affect grid operation, especially when cloud platforms shift workloads across sites to…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-09 Shijie Pan , Zaint A. Alexakis , Charalambos Konstantinou

DC microgrids are becoming popular as effective means to integrate various renewable energy resources. Constant power loads (CPLs) may yield instability due to the negative impedance characteristic. This paper analyzes the stability of the…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-04-24 Zhangjie Liu , Mei Su , Yao Sun , Hua Han , Xiaochao Hou , Josep M. Guerrero

The rapid adoption of AI has led the growth of computational demand, with large language models (LLMs) at the forefront since ChatGPT's debut in 2022. Meanwhile, large amounts of renewable energy have been deployed but, ultimately,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-24 Yihsu Chen , Abel Souza , Fargol Nematkhah , Andrew L. Liu

Artificial intelligence (AI) is driving unprecedented growth in data center (DC) scale and power demand. AI workloads impose highly dynamic, difficult-to-forecast power profiles on the utility grid, creating reliability and stability…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-06 Sina Mohammadi , Wayne Wang , Marcus Chen I Wada , Rouzbeh Haghighi , Ali Hassan , Hualong Liu , Archit Bhatnagar , Ang Chen , Wencong Su

Data center electricity consumption reached 4.4% of U.S. total in 2023 and is projected to grow to 6.7--12% by 2028, imposing increasing stress on transmission networks while representing a largely untapped source of controllable…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-19 Haoxiang Wan , Xingpeng Li

Data centers (DCs) nowadays house tens of thousands of servers and switches, interconnected by high-speed communication links. With the rapid growth of cloud DCs, in both size and number, tremendous efforts have been undertaken to…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-10-05 Jarallah Alqahtani , Sultan Alanazi , Bechir Hamdaoui

Reliable functioning of infrastructure networks is essential for our modern society. Cascading failures are the cause of most large-scale network outages. Although cascading failures often exhibit dynamical transients, the modeling of…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2020-08-18 Benjamin Schäfer , Dirk Witthaut , Marc Timme , Vito Latora

As illustrated in recent years (Superstorm Sandy, the Northeast Ice Storm of 1998, etc.), extreme weather events pose an enormous threat to the electric power transmission systems and the associated socio-economic systems that depend on…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-03-20 Harsha Nagarajan , Russell Bent , Pascal Van Hentenryck , Scott Backhaus , Emre Yamangil

The real-time transient stability assessment (TSA) plays a critical role in the secure operation of the power system. Although the classic numerical integration method, \textit{i.e.} time-domain simulation (TDS), has been widely used in…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-05-16 Kaixuan Chen , Shunyu Liu , Na Yu , Rong Yan , Quan Zhang , Jie Song , Zunlei Feng , Mingli Song

Extreme events represent a challenge to natural as well as man-made systems. For critical infrastructure like power grids, we need to understand their resilience against large disturbances. Recently, new measures of the resilience of…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2016-06-22 Sabine Auer , Kirsten Kleis , Paul Schultz , Jürgen Kurths , Frank Hellmann

The presence of constant power loads (CPLs) in dc shipboard microgrids may lead to unstable conditions. The present work investigates the stability properties of dc microgrids where CPLs are fed by fuel cells (FCs), and energy storage…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-12-22 Francesco Conte , Fabio D'Agostino , Samuele Grillo , Stefano Massucco , Federico Silvestro

Full AC power flow model is an accurate mathematical model for representing the physical power systems. In practice, however, the utilization of this model is limited due to the computational complexity associated with its nonlinear and…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-11-27 Xingpeng Li , Kory Hedman

Diversification of digital applications and workloads has driven the development of diverse datacenter architectures on ever-larger scales. These datacenters consist of complex IT, power, and cooling systems with interdependencies that…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Wedan Emmanuel Gnibga , Andrew A. Chien

Data centers (DCs) as mission-critical infrastructures are pivotal in powering the growth of artificial intelligence (AI) and the digital economy. The evolution from Internet DC to AI DC has introduced new challenges in operating and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Zhiwei Cao , Minghao Li , Feng Lin , Jimin Jia , Yonggang Wen , Jianxiong Yin , Simon See

The accelerating growth of computational demand in modern data centers has further heightened the need for power infrastructures that are highly reliable, environmentally sustainable, and capable of supporting grid stability. Small Modular…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-11 Sobhan Badakhshan , Roshni Anna Jacob , Ali Mahboub Rad , Chao Pan , Yaoyu Li , Jie Zhang