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The paper presents accurate and simple dynamic model of a supercapacitor bank system for power system dynamics studies. The proposed model is derived from a detailed RC circuit representation. Furthermore, a complete control system of the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-02-23 Matej Krpan , Igor Kuzle , Ana Radovanović , Jovica V. Milanović

Recent research shows large-scale AI-centric data centers could experience rapid fluctuations in power demand due to varying computation loads, such as sudden spikes from inference or interruption of training large language models (LLMs).…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-12 Mariam Mughees , Yuzhuo Li , Yize Chen , Yunwei Ryan Li

The rapid growth of data centres poses an evolving challenge for power systems with high variable renewable energy. Traditionally operated as passive electrical loads, data centres, have the potential to become active participants that…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-11 Mehmet Turker Takci , James Day , Meysam Qadrdan

Demand for AI accelerators is rapidly increasing rack power density, with projections approaching 1MW per deployment by 2027. This poses a major challenge for datacenter power delivery designers. As power densities increase, a datacenter…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Grant Wilkins , Fiodar Kazhamiaka , Alok Gautam Kumbhare , Chaojie Zhang , Ricardo Bianchini

Anticipated rapid growth of large digital load, driven by artificial intelligence (AI) data centers, is poised to increase uncertainty and large fluctuations in consumption, threatening the stability, reliability, and security of the energy…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-18 Soumya Kundu , Kaustav Chatterjee , Ramij R. Hossain , Sai Pushpak Nandanoori , Veronica Adetola

With the rapid development of renewable and distributed energies, the underlying dynamics of power systems are no longer dominated by large synchronous generators, but by numerous dynamic components with heterogeneous characteristics. In…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-07-30 Peng Yang , Feng Liu , Zhaojian Wang , Shicong Ma

Transient stability analysis (TSA) plays an important role in power system analysis to investigate the stability of power system. Traditionally, transient stability analysis methods have been developed using time domain simulation by means…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-08 Xiang Zhang , Renchang Dai , Peng Wei , Yijing Liu , Guangyi Liu , Zhiwei Wang

A framework is established that assesses the impact of variations in artificial intelligence (AI) data center (DC) loads on the fatigue damage of steam/gas turbines of the synchronous generators (SGs) from torsional oscillations. Next, a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-05 Fiaz Hossain , Nilanjan Ray Chaudhuri , Alok Sinha , Sai Gopal Vennelaganti , Mohammed E. Nassar

The rapid expansion of data center infrastructure is reshaping power system dynamics by significantly increasing electricity demand while also offering potential for fast and controllable flexibility. To ensure reliable operation under such…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-02 Pengyu Ren , Wei Sun , Yifan Wang , Gareth Harrison

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI), it is foreseeable that the accuracy and efficiency of dynamic analysis for future power system will be greatly improved by the integration of dynamic simulators and AI. To explore…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-21 Tannan Xiao , Ying Chen , Jianquan Wang , Shaowei Huang , Weilin Tong , Tirui He

The rapid growth of large, power-electronics-rich data center (DC) loads is creating new operational challenges for bulk power systems. A key risk arises when a DC uninterruptible power supply (UPS) disconnects the facility during…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-28 Ahmed Mesfer Alkhudaydi , Bai Cui

This research focuses on the evolving dynamics of the power grid, where traditional synchronous generators are being replaced by non-synchronous power electronic converter (PEC)-interfaced renewable energy sources. The non-linear dynamics…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-01 Sunil Subedi , Bidur Poudel , Pooja Aslami , Robert Fourney , Hossein Moradi Rekabdarkolaee , Reinaldo Tonkoski , Timothy M. Hansen

Transient stability assessment (TSA) has always been a fundamental means for ensuring the secure and stable operation of power systems. Due to the integration of new elements such as power electronics, electric vehicles and renewable power…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-11-04 Shitu Zhang , Zhixun Zhu , Yang Li

This paper proposes a nonlinear, adaptive controller to increase the stability margin of a direct-current (DC) small-scale electrical network containing a constant power load, whose value is unknown. Due to their negative incremental…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-09-14 Juan E. Machado , José Arocas-Pérez , Wei He , Romeo Ortega , Robert Griñó

The rapid growth of hyperscale data centers driven by Large Language Models and Artificial Intelligence workloads has introduced new challenges for power systems. These facilities experience abrupt power variations during model training and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-03 Yousef Abudyak , Mohsen Alizadeh , Wei Sun

Data centers (DCs) can help decarbonize the power grid by helping absorb renewable power (e.g., wind and solar) due to their ability to shift power loads across space and time. However, to harness such load-shifting flexibility, it is…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-12-15 Weiqi Zhang , Line A. Roald , Victor M. Zavala

This paper presents a novel centralized, variational data assimilation approach for calibrating transient dynamic models in electrical power systems, focusing on load model parameters. With the increasing importance of inverter-based…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-11-15 Ahmed Attia , D. Adrian Maldonado , Emil Constantinescu , Mihai Anitescu

The trend for cloud computing has initiated a race towards data centres (DC) of an ever-increasing size. The largest DCs now contain many hundreds of thousands of virtual machine (VM) services. Given the finite lifespan of hardware, such…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2011-06-28 John Cartlidge , Ilango Sriram

Data centers are large scale, energy-hungry infrastructure serving the increasing computational demands as the world is becoming more connected in smart cities. The emergence of advanced technologies such as cloud-based services, internet…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Leila Ismail , Huned Materwala

The rapid growth of renewable energy sources has significantly reduced system inertia and increased the need for fast frequency response (FFR) in modern power systems. Data centers, as large and flexible electrical consumers, hold great…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-17 Xiaojie Tao , Rajit Gadh