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Rotary positional embedding has become the state-of-the-art approach to encode position information in transformer-based models. While it is often succinctly expressed in complex linear algebra, we note that the actual implementation of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Beicheng Lou , Zifei Xu , Vivian W. H. Wong

Looped Transformers (LT) have emerged as a powerful architecture by iterating their layers multiple times before decoding the final token. However, pairing them with full attention retains quadratic complexity, making them computationally…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Chunyuan Deng , Yizhe Zhang , Rui-Jie Zhu , Yuanyuan Xu , Jiarui Liu , T. S. Eugene Ng , Hanjie Chen

Scaling language models to handle longer input sequences typically necessitates large key-value (KV) caches, resulting in substantial memory overhead during inference. In this paper, we propose Tensor Product Attention (TPA), a novel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Yifan Zhang , Yifeng Liu , Huizhuo Yuan , Zhen Qin , Yang Yuan , Quanquan Gu , Andrew Chi-Chih Yao

Scene Text Recognition (STR) is challenging in extracting effective character representations from visual data when text is unreadable. Permutation language modeling (PLM) is introduced to refine character predictions by jointly capturing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Honghui Chen , Yuhang Qiu , Jiabao Wang , Pingping Chen , Nam Ling

Transformers are neural networks that revolutionized natural language processing and machine learning. They process sequences of inputs, like words, using a mechanism called self-attention, which is trained via masked language modeling…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2024-04-17 Riccardo Rende , Federica Gerace , Alessandro Laio , Sebastian Goldt

Machine learning (ML) algorithms, particularly attention-based transformer models, have become indispensable for analyzing the vast data generated by particle physics experiments like ATLAS and CMS at the CERN LHC. Particle Transformer…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-12-10 Aaron Wang , Abhijith Gandrakota , Jennifer Ngadiuba , Vivekanand Sahu , Priyansh Bhatnagar , Elham E Khoda , Javier Duarte

We propose a new attention mechanism with linear complexity, ATP, that fixates \textbf{A}ttention on \textbf{T}op \textbf{P}rincipal keys, rather than on each individual token. Particularly, ATP is driven by an important observation that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-06 Yue Niu , Saurav Prakash , Salman Avestimehr

Inspired by the Bloch Sphere representation, we propose a novel rotary position encoding on a three-dimensional sphere, named 3D Rotary Position Encoding (3D-RPE). 3D-RPE is an advanced version of the widely used 2D Rotary Position Encoding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Xindian Ma , Wenyuan Liu , Peng Zhang , Nan Xu

Relative position embedding has become a standard mechanism for encoding positional information in Transformers. However, existing formulations are typically limited to a fixed geometric space, namely 1D sequences or regular 2D/3D grids,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Yichen Xie , Depu Meng , Chensheng Peng , Yihan Hu , Quentin Herau , Masayoshi Tomizuka , Wei Zhan

LLM serving is increasingly dominated by decode attention, which is a memory-bound operation due to massive KV cache loading from global memory. Meanwhile, real-world workloads exhibit substantial, hierarchical shared prefixes across…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Jinjun Yi , Zhixin Zhao , Yitao Hu , Ke Yan , Weiwei Sun , Hao Wang , Laiping Zhao , Yuhao Zhang , Wenxin Li , Keqiu Li

Rapid aerodynamic evaluation is crucial for modern vehicle design, yet existing neural operators struggle to capture intricate spatial correlations. We propose the rotary-enhanced transformer operator (RETO), a novel neural solver featuring…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-08 Bojun Zhang , Huiyu Yang , Yunpeng Wang , Yuntian Chen , Yuanwei Bin , Rikui Zhang , Jianchun Wang

Transformer with self-attention has achieved great success in the area of nature language processing. Recently, there have been a few studies on transformer for end-to-end speech recognition, while its application for hybrid acoustic model…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-10-24 Liang Lu

Shape assembly, which aims to reassemble separate parts into a complete object, has gained significant interest in recent years. Existing methods primarily rely on networks to predict the poses of individual parts, but often fail to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Jiahan Li , Chaoran Cheng , Jianzhu Ma , Ge Liu

Although self-attention networks (SANs) have advanced the state-of-the-art on various NLP tasks, one criticism of SANs is their ability of encoding positions of input words (Shaw et al., 2018). In this work, we propose to augment SANs with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-04 Xing Wang , Zhaopeng Tu , Longyue Wang , Shuming Shi

The Attention module finds common usage in language modeling, presenting distinct challenges within the broader scope of Natural Language Processing. Multi-Head Attention (MHA) employs an absolute positional encoding, which imposes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Herman Sugiharto , Aradea , Husni Mubarok

Causal transformer language models (LMs), such as GPT-3, typically require some form of positional encoding, such as positional embeddings. However, we show that LMs without any explicit positional encoding are still competitive with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-07 Adi Haviv , Ori Ram , Ofir Press , Peter Izsak , Omer Levy

The success of Transformer-based Language Models (LMs) stems from their attention mechanism. While this mechanism has been extensively studied in explainability research, particularly through the attention values obtained during the forward…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Shahar Katz , Lior Wolf

When modeling a given type of data, we consider it to involve two key aspects: 1) identifying relevant elements (e.g., image pixels or textual words) to a central element, as in a convolutional receptive field, or to a query element, as in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Hehe Fan , Yi Yang , Mohan Kankanhalli , Fei Wu

Effectively modeling time information and incorporating it into applications or models involving chronologically occurring events is crucial. Real-world scenarios often involve diverse and complex time patterns, which pose significant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Xi Chen , Yateng Tang , Jiarong Xu , Jiawei Zhang , Siwei Zhang , Sijia Peng , Xuehao Zheng , Yun Xiong

Most approaches for semantic segmentation use only information from color cameras to parse the scenes, yet recent advancements show that using depth data allows to further improve performances. In this work, we focus on transformer-based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Francesco Barbato , Giulia Rizzoli , Pietro Zanuttigh