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We present a new method for analyzing directed and elliptic flow in heavy ion collisions. Unlike standard methods, it separates the contribution of flow to azimuthal correlations from contributions due to other effects. The separation…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Nicolas Borghini , Phuong Mai Dinh , Jean-Yves Ollitrault

We present a systematic study of the effects due to initial condition fluctuations in systems formed by heavy-ion collisions using the hydrodynamical simulation code NeXSPheRIO. The study was based on a sample of events generated simulating…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2012-06-04 Rafael Derradi de Souza , Jun Takahashi , Takeshi Kodama , Paul Sorensen

We present a subset of experimental results on charge fluctuation from the heavy-ion collisions to search for phase transition and location of critical point in the QCD phase diagram. Measurements from the heavy-ion experiments at the SPS…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2017-01-24 D. K. Mishra , P. Garg , P. K. Netrakanti , L. M. Pant , A. K. Mohanty

We quantitatively estimate properties of the quark-gluon plasma created in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions utilizing Bayesian statistics and a multi-parameter model-to-data comparison. The study is performed using a recently…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2016-08-22 Jonah E. Bernhard , J. Scott Moreland , Steffen A. Bass , Jia Liu , Ulrich Heinz

At ultra-relativistic energies the minijet production in heavy-ion collisions becomes sensitive to semi-hard parton rescatterings in the initial stages of the process. As a result global characteristics of the event, like the initial…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-11-07 Alberto Accardi

Experimental data from the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) suggests that the quark gluon plasma behaves almost like an ideal fluid. Due to its short lifetime, many QGP properties can only be inferred indirectly through a comparison…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2015-06-03 Hannah Petersen , Rolando La Placa , Steffen A. Bass

Collective flow, its anisotropies and its event-to-event fluctuations in relativistic heavy-ion collisions, and the extraction of the specific shear viscosity of quark-gluon plasma (QGP) from collective flow data collected in heavy-ion…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2013-08-05 Ulrich W Heinz , Raimond Snellings

I present an overview of recent theoretical results on fluctuations of conserved charges in heavy-ion collisions obtained in relativistic hydrodynamics and molecular dynamics frameworks. In particular, I discuss the constraints on the…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2023-03-22 Volodymyr Vovchenko

We extend our previous investigation of the effects of pre-hydrodynamic evolution on final-state observables in heavy-ion collisions to smaller systems. We use a state-of-the-art hybrid model for the numerical simulations with optimal…

In order to compare theoretical calculations of thermal fluctuations of conserved quantities, such as charge susceptibilities or the specific heat, to experimentally measured correlations and fluctuations in heavy ion collisions, one must…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2017-05-31 Scott Pratt , Clint Young

To bracket the importance of the pre-equilibrium stage on relativistic heavy-ion collision observables, we compare simulations where it is modeled by either free-streaming partons or fluid dynamics. These cases implement the assumptions of…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2016-11-23 Ulrich W. Heinz , Jia Liu

Heavy-ion collisions are well described by a dynamical evolution with a long hydrodynamical phase. In this phase the properties of the strongly coupled quark-gluon plasma are reflected in the equation of state (EoS) and the transport…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2018-12-06 A. Dubla , S. Masciocchi , J. M. Pawlowski , B. Schenke , C. Shen , J. Stachel

We discuss the problems involved in extracting the nuclear equation-of-state from heavy-ion collisions. We demonstrate that the equation of state becomes effectively softer in non-equilibrium and this effect is observable in terms of…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 T. Gaitanos , H. H. Wolter , C. Fuchs

I review recent selected developments in the theory and modeling of ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions. I explain why relativistic viscous hydrodynamics is now used to model the expansion of the matter formed in these collisions. I give…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2011-09-30 Jean-Yves Ollitrault

Anisotropic flow and fluctuations are sensitive observables of the initial state effects in heavy ion collisions and are characterized by the medium properties and final state interactions. Using event-shape observables, one can constrain…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2025-07-29 Suraj Prasad , Aswathy Menon K R , Raghunath Sahoo , Neelkamal Mallick

Isobaric collisions provide a unique opportunity to investigate how variations in the charge to mass ratio affect the final state observables produced in relativistic heavy ion collisions. Most importantly, isobaric systems that differ in…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2025-12-04 Amit Paul , Rupa Chatterjee

Dissipative processes are pivotal for understanding the hydrodynamic evolution of hot and dense QCD matter created in relativistic nuclear collisions. The interplay of multiple conserved charges -- net baryon, strangeness, and electric…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2026-01-21 Akihiko Monnai , Grégoire Pihan , Björn Schenke , Chun Shen

In this article, we briefly review recent progress on hydrodynamic modeling and its implementations to relativistic heavy-ion collisions at RHIC and the LHC. The related topics include: 1) initial state fluctuations, final state…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2014-01-03 Huichao Song

I review how hydrodynamical flow is related to the observed flow in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions and how initial conditions, equation of state and freeze-out temperature affect flow in hydrodynamical models.

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2016-11-23 Pasi Huovinen