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We initiate a holographic study of coupling-dependent heavy ion collisions by analysing for the first time the effects of leading-order, inverse coupling constant corrections. In the dual description, this amounts to colliding gravitational…
Anisotropic flow measurements in heavy-ion collisions provide important information on the properties of hot and dense matter. These measurements are based on analysis of azimuthal correlations and might be biased by contributions from…
We provide a brief review of some of the recent developments in our understanding of the initial state in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions.
An outstanding problem in heavy-ion collisions is the inability for models to accurately describe ultra-central experimental flow data, despite that being precisely the regime where a hydrodynamic description should be most applicable. We…
We present a brief review of recent theoretical developments and related phenomenological approaches for understanding the initial state of heavy-ion collisions, with emphasis on the Color Glass Condensate formalism.
A very intuitive description of nucleus-nucleus collision phenomena is provided by the relativistic fluid dynamics. We consider a 1+1 dimensional relativistic imperfect fluid flow to approximate the high energy heavy ion collision. The…
The fluid-dynamical modeling of a nuclear collision at high energy usually starts shortly after the collision. A major source of uncertainty comes from the detailed modeling of the initial state. While the collision itself likely involves…
The success of hydrodynamics in high energy heavy-ion collisions leads to a flow paradigm, to understand the observed features of harmonic flow in terms of the medium collective expansion regarding initial state geometrical properties. In…
The major goals of heavy ion research are to explore the phase diagram of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) and to investigate the properties of the quark gluon plasma (QGP), a new state of matter created at high temperatures and/or densities.…
Analysis of directed flow ($v_1$) of protons, antiprotons and pions in heavy-ion collisions is performed in the range of collision energies $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 2.7--39 GeV. Simulations have been done within a three-fluid model employing a…
Higher order moments of net conserved charge fluctuations, in particular net baryon number and net electric charge, are sensitive thermodynamic observables that respond strongly to critical behavior in strong interaction matter. In order to…
Anisotropic flow of hadrons is studied in heavy ion collisions at SPS and RHIC energies within the microscopic quark-gluon string model. The model was found to reproduce correctly many of the flow features, e.g., the wiggle structure of…
Application of hydrodynamics for modeling of heavy-ion collisions is reviewed. We consider several physical observables that can be calculated in this approach and compare them to the experimental measurements.
A novel state of matter has been hypothesized to exist during the early stage of relativistic heavy ion collisions, with normal hadrons not appearing until several fm/c after the start of the reaction. To test this hypothesis, correlations…
Recent results connected to nuclear collision dynamics, from low up to relativistic energies, are reviewed. Heavy ion reactions offer the unique opportunity to probe the complex nuclear many-body dynamics and to explore, in laboratory…
We review recent progress in applying relativistic hydrodynamics to the modeling of heavy-ion collisions at RHIC and LHC, with emphasis on anisotropic flow and flow fluctuations.
We construct the QCD equation of state at finite chemical potentials including net baryon, electric charge, and strangeness, based on the conserved charge susceptibilities determined from lattice QCD simulations and the equation of state of…
The status of flow in heavy-ion collisions and of inference of hadronic-matter properties is reviewed.
We discuss expectations of saturation physics for various observables in heavy ion collisions. We show how simple saturation-inspired assumptions about particle production in heavy ion collisions lead to Kharzeev-Levin-Nardi model.…
We measure directed flow ($v_1$) for charged particles in Au+Au and Cu+Cu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} =$ 200 GeV and 62.4 GeV, as a function of pseudorapidity ($\eta$), transverse momentum ($p_t$) and collision centrality, based on data…