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The Vapnik-Chervonenkis dimension (in short, VC-dimension) of a graph is defined as the VC-dimension of the set system induced by the neighborhoods of its vertices. We show that every $n$-vertex graph with bounded VC-dimension contains a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-10-11 Jacob Fox , János Pach , Andrew Suk

We initiate the study of tolerant adversarial PAC-learning with respect to metric perturbation sets. In adversarial PAC-learning, an adversary is allowed to replace a test point $x$ with an arbitrary point in a closed ball of radius $r$…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-02-16 Hassan Ashtiani , Vinayak Pathak , Ruth Urner

There has been a recent interest in understanding and characterizing the sample complexity of list learning tasks, where the learning algorithm is allowed to make a short list of $k$ predictions, and we simply require one of the predictions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Chirag Pabbaraju , Sahasrajit Sarmasarkar

A characteristic-dependent linear rank inequality is a linear inequality that holds by ranks of subspaces of a vector space over a finite field of determined characteristic, and does not in general hold over other characteristics. In this…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-04-09 Victor Pena , Humberto Sarria

PAC learning, dating back to Valiant'84 and Vapnik and Chervonenkis'64,'74, is a classic model for studying supervised learning. In the agnostic setting, we have access to a hypothesis set $\mathcal{H}$ and a training set of labeled samples…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Steve Hanneke , Kasper Green Larsen , Nikita Zhivotovskiy

We use and adapt the Borsuk-Ulam Theorem from topology to derive limitations on list-replicable and globally stable learning algorithms. We further demonstrate the applicability of our methods in combinatorics and topology. We show that,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-06 Zachary Chase , Bogdan Chornomaz , Shay Moran , Amir Yehudayoff

In this work, we initiate a formal study of probably approximately correct (PAC) learning under evasion attacks, where the adversary's goal is to \emph{misclassify} the adversarially perturbed sample point $\widetilde{x}$, i.e.,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-14 Dimitrios I. Diochnos , Saeed Mahloujifar , Mohammad Mahmoody

Discrete dynamical systems are commonly used to model the spread of contagions on real-world networks. Under the PAC framework, existing research has studied the problem of learning the behavior of a system, assuming that the underlying…

In this paper, we consider the problem of replicable realizable PAC learning. We construct a particularly hard learning problem and show a sample complexity lower bound with a close to $(\log|H|)^{3/2}$ dependence on the size of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Kasper Green Larsen , Markus Engelund Mathiasen , Chirag Pabbaraju , Clement Svendsen

Monotone learning describes learning processes in which expected performance consistently improves as the amount of training data increases. However, recent studies challenge this conventional wisdom, revealing significant gaps in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Ming Li , Chenyi Zhang , Qin Li

We compute that the index set of PAC-learnable concept classes is $m$-complete $\Sigma^0_3$ within the set of indices for all concept classes of a reasonable form. All concept classes considered are computable enumerations of computable…

Logic · Mathematics 2014-06-05 Wesley Calvert

We present a formal proof in Lean of probably approximately correct (PAC) learnability of the concept class of decision stumps. This classic result in machine learning theory derives a bound on error probabilities for a simple type of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-11 Joseph Tassarotti , Koundinya Vajjha , Anindya Banerjee , Jean-Baptiste Tristan

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have become an essential tool for analyzing graph-structured data, leveraging their ability to capture complex relational information. While the expressivity of GNNs, particularly their equivalence to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Noah Daniëls , Floris Geerts

Multi-distribution learning is a natural generalization of PAC learning to settings with multiple data distributions. There remains a significant gap between the known upper and lower bounds for PAC-learnable classes. In particular, though…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-25 Pranjal Awasthi , Nika Haghtalab , Eric Zhao

Here we study the comparative power of classical and quantum learners for generative modelling within the Probably Approximately Correct (PAC) framework. More specifically we consider the following task: Given samples from some unknown…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-24 Ryan Sweke , Jean-Pierre Seifert , Dominik Hangleiter , Jens Eisert

We study computable PAC (CPAC) learning as introduced by Agarwal et al. (2020). First, we consider the main open question of finding characterizations of proper and improper CPAC learning. We give a characterization of a closely related…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-19 Tom F. Sterkenburg

We give a new proof of VC bounds where we avoid the use of symmetrization and use a shadow sample of arbitrary size. We also improve on the variance term. This results in better constants, as shown on numerical examples. Moreover our bounds…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2007-06-13 Olivier Catoni

We explore questions dealing with the learnability of models of choice over time. We present a large class of preference models defined by a structural criterion for which we are able to obtain an exponential improvement over previously…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2018-09-11 Zachary Chase , Siddharth Prasad

Delle Rose et al.~(COLT'23) introduced an effective version of the Vapnik-Chervonenkis dimension, and showed that it characterizes improper PAC learning with total computable learners. In this paper, we introduce and study a similar…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-25 Valentino Delle Rose , Alexander Kozachinskiy , Tomasz Steifer

In this paper we will give a characterization of the learnability of forgiving 0-1 loss functions in the multiclass setting with effectively finite cardinality of the output and label space. To do this, we create a new combinatorial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Jacob Trauger , Tyson Trauger , Ambuj Tewari