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Humans work together to solve common problems by having discussions, explaining, and agreeing or disagreeing with each other. Similarly, if a system can have discussions with humans when solving tasks, it can improve the system's…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-31 Masahiro Kaneko , Graham Neubig , Naoaki Okazaki

One major challenge in reinforcement learning (RL) is the large amount of steps for the RL agent needs to converge in the training process and learn the optimal policy, especially in text-based game environments where the action space is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-01 Wei Zhou , Xiangyu Peng , Mark Riedl

This report investigates approaches for prompting a tool-augmented large language model (LLM) to act as a role-playing dialogue agent in the API track of the Commonsense Persona-grounded Dialogue Challenge (CPDC) 2025. In this setting,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Saksorn Ruangtanusak , Pittawat Taveekitworachai , Kunat Pipatanakul

LLM-driven multi-agent-based simulations have been gaining traction with applications in game-theoretic and social simulations. While most implementations seek to exploit or evaluate LLM-agentic reasoning, they often do so with a weak…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Vince Trencsenyi , Agnieszka Mensfelt , Kostas Stathis

Leveraging multiple large language model (LLM) agents has shown to be a promising approach for tackling complex tasks, while the effective design of multiple agents for a particular application remains an art. It is thus intriguing to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Linxin Song , Jiale Liu , Jieyu Zhang , Shaokun Zhang , Ao Luo , Shijian Wang , Qingyun Wu , Chi Wang

Complex scheduling problems require a large amount computation power and innovative solution methods. The objective of this paper is the conception and implementation of a multi-agent system that is applicable in various problem domains.…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2020-04-21 Peter Hillmann , Tobias Uhlig , Gabi Dreo Rodosek , Oliver Rose

Language agents have shown impressive problem-solving skills within defined settings and brief timelines. Yet, with the ever-evolving complexities of open-world simulations, there's a pressing need for agents that can flexibly adapt to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-01 Ming Yan , Ruihao Li , Hao Zhang , Hao Wang , Zhilan Yang , Ji Yan

Recent superhuman results in games have largely been achieved in a variety of zero-sum settings, such as Go and Poker, in which agents need to compete against others. However, just like humans, real-world AI systems have to coordinate and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-12-06 Adam Lerer , Hengyuan Hu , Jakob Foerster , Noam Brown

We introduce a dynamic benchmarking system for conversational agents that evaluates their performance through a single, simulated, and lengthy user$\leftrightarrow$agent interaction. The interaction is a conversation between the user and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-14 David Castillo-Bolado , Joseph Davidson , Finlay Gray , Marek Rosa

As Natural Language Processing (NLP) systems are increasingly employed in intricate social environments, a pressing query emerges: Can these NLP systems mirror human-esque collaborative intelligence, in a multi-agent society consisting of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Jintian Zhang , Xin Xu , Ningyu Zhang , Ruibo Liu , Bryan Hooi , Shumin Deng

With the prospect of autonomous artificial intelligence (AI) agents, studying their tendency for cooperative behavior becomes an increasingly relevant topic. This study is inspired by the super-additive cooperation theory, where the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Filippo Tonini , Lukas Galke

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities as autonomous agents with rapidly expanding applications in various domains. As these agents increasingly engage in socioeconomic interactions, identifying their…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Kushal Agrawal , Verona Teo , Juan J. Vazquez , Sudarsh Kunnavakkam , Vishak Srikanth , Andy Liu

While Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in certain reasoning tasks, they struggle in multi-agent games where the final outcome depends on the joint strategies of all agents. In multi-agent games, the non-stationarity of other agents brings…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Yidong He , Yutao Lai , Pengxu Yang , Jiarui Gan , Jiexin Wang , Yi Cai , Mengchen Zhao

The traveling salesman problem is a fundamental combinatorial optimization problem with strong exact algorithms. However, as problems scale up, these exact algorithms fail to provide a solution in a reasonable time. To resolve this, current…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-09 Yong Liang Goh , Wee Sun Lee , Xavier Bresson , Thomas Laurent , Nicholas Lim

Recently, there has been an emergence of employing LLM-powered agents as believable human proxies, based on their remarkable decision-making capability. However, existing studies mainly focus on simulating human dialogue. Human non-verbal…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-10-16 Junjie Zhang , Yupeng Hou , Ruobing Xie , Wenqi Sun , Julian McAuley , Wayne Xin Zhao , Leyu Lin , Ji-Rong Wen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become a popular interface for human-AI interaction, supporting information seeking and task assistance through natural, multi-turn dialogue. To respond to users within multi-turn dialogues, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Fengran Mo , Yifan Gao , Sha Li , Hansi Zeng , Xin Liu , Zhaoxuan Tan , Xian Li , Jianshu Chen , Dakuo Wang , Meng Jiang

Strategic reasoning enables agents to cooperate, communicate, and compete with other agents in diverse situations. Existing approaches to solving strategic games rely on extensive training, yielding strategies that do not generalize to new…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Kanishk Gandhi , Dorsa Sadigh , Noah D. Goodman

Large Language Models (LLMs) have enabled Multi-Agent Systems (MASs) where agents interact through natural language to solve complex tasks or simulate multi-party dialogues. Recent work on LLM-based MASs has mainly focused on architecture…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Yuxiao Ye , Yiming Zhang , Yiran Ma , Huiyuan Xie , Huining Zhu , Zhiyuan Liu

As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as autonomous agents, understanding their cooperation and social mechanisms is becoming increasingly important. In particular, how LLMs balance self-interest and collective…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-25 David Guzman Piedrahita , Yongjin Yang , Mrinmaya Sachan , Giorgia Ramponi , Bernhard Schölkopf , Zhijing Jin

Flocking is a behavior where multiple agents in a system attempt to stay close to each other while avoiding collision and maintaining a desired formation. This is observed in the natural world and has applications in robotics, including…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Peihan Li , Vishnu Menon , Bhavanaraj Gudiguntla , Daniel Ting , Lifeng Zhou