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We present the first complete attempt at concurrently training conversational agents that communicate only via self-generated language. Using DSTC2 as seed data, we trained natural language understanding (NLU) and generation (NLG) networks…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2019-07-25 Alexandros Papangelis , Yi-Chia Wang , Piero Molino , Gokhan Tur

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong reasoning, planning, and communication abilities, enabling them to operate as autonomous agents in open environments. While single-agent systems remain limited in adaptability and…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Jianing Hao , Han Ding , Yuanjian Xu , Tianze Sun , Ran Chen , Wanbo Zhang , Guang Zhang , Siguang Li

Language Model (LM)-based agents remain largely untested in mixed-motive settings where agents must leverage short-term cooperation for long-term competitive goals (e.g., multi-party politics). We introduce Cooperate to Compete (C2C), a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Abigail O'Neill , Alan Zhu , Mihran Miroyan , Narges Norouzi , Joseph E. Gonzalez

Developing autonomous agents that can strategize and cooperate with humans under information asymmetry is challenging without effective communication in natural language. We introduce a shared-control game, where two players collectively…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Shenghui Chen , Daniel Fried , Ufuk Topcu

Recent progress on large language models (LLMs) has enabled dialogue agents to generate highly naturalistic and plausible text. However, current LLM language generation focuses on responding accurately to questions and requests with a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Joey Hong , Jessica Lin , Anca Dragan , Sergey Levine

Large language model (LLM) agents are increasingly deployed in competitive multi-agent settings, raising fundamental questions about whether they converge to equilibria and how their strategic behavior can be characterized. In this paper,…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Jiayi Yao , Cong Chen , Baosen Zhang

Language agents that interact with the world on their own have great potential for automating digital tasks. While large language model (LLM) agents have made progress in understanding and executing tasks such as textual games and webpage…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Guande Wu , Chen Zhao , Claudio Silva , He He

We describe a class of tasks called decision-oriented dialogues, in which AI assistants such as large language models (LMs) must collaborate with one or more humans via natural language to help them make complex decisions. We formalize…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Jessy Lin , Nicholas Tomlin , Jacob Andreas , Jason Eisner

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) harness comprehensive knowledge spanning text, images, and audio to adeptly tackle complex problems, including zero-shot in-context learning scenarios. This study explores the ability of MLLMs in…

Graphs are widely used for modeling relational data in real-world scenarios, such as social networks and urban computing. Existing LLM-based graph analysis approaches either integrate graph neural networks (GNNs) for specific machine…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Xin Li , Qizhi Chu , Yubin Chen , Yang Liu , Yaoqi Liu , Zekai Yu , Weize Chen , Chen Qian , Chuan Shi , Cheng Yang

Multi-agent systems driven by large language models (LLMs) have shown promising abilities for solving complex tasks in a collaborative manner. This work considers a fundamental problem in multi-agent collaboration: consensus seeking. When…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Huaben Chen , Wenkang Ji , Lufeng Xu , Shiyu Zhao

The Travelling Salesman and its variations are some of the most well known NP hard optimisation problems. This paper looks to use both centralised and decentralised implementations of Evolutionary Algorithms (EA) to solve a dynamic variant…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-06-14 Thomas E. Kent , Arthur G. Richards

This work presents a requirement analysis for collaborative dialogues among medical experts and an inquiry dialogue game based on this analysis for incorporating explainability into multiagent system design. The game allows experts with…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Qurat-ul-ain Shaheen , Katarzyna Budzynska , Carles Sierra

The ability to coordinate actions across multiple agents is critical for solving complex, real-world problems. Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown strong capabilities in communication, planning, and reasoning, raising the question of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-21 João Vitor de Carvalho Silva , Douglas G. Macharet

LLMs-based agents increasingly operate in multi-agent environments where strategic interaction and coordination are required. While existing work has largely focused on individual agents or on interacting agents sharing explicit…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Alessio Buscemi , Daniele Proverbio , Alessandro Di Stefano , The-Anh Han , German Castignani , Pietro Liò

Game environments provide rich, controllable settings that stimulate many aspects of real-world complexity. As such, game agents offer a valuable testbed for exploring capabilities relevant to Artificial General Intelligence. Recently, the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Sihao Hu , Tiansheng Huang , Gaowen Liu , Ramana Rao Kompella , Fatih Ilhan , Selim Furkan Tekin , Yichang Xu , Zachary Yahn , Ling Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable promise in communicating with humans. Their potential use as artificial partners with humans in sociological experiments involving conversation is an exciting prospect. But how viable is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-04 James Flamino , Mohammed Shahid Modi , Boleslaw K. Szymanski , Brendan Cross , Colton Mikolajczyk

Large Language Models (LLMs) have increasingly been utilized in social simulations, where they are often guided by carefully crafted instructions to stably exhibit human-like behaviors during simulations. Nevertheless, we doubt the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Zengqing Wu , Run Peng , Shuyuan Zheng , Qianying Liu , Xu Han , Brian Inhyuk Kwon , Makoto Onizuka , Shaojie Tang , Chuan Xiao

Multi-agent learning is a challenging problem in machine learning that has applications in different domains such as distributed control, robotics, and economics. We develop a prescriptive model of multi-agent behavior using Markov games.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-05-27 Jalal Etesami , Christoph-Nikolas Straehle

Goal-directed interactive agents, which autonomously complete tasks through interactions with their environment, can assist humans in various domains of their daily lives. Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) led to a surge of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Mareike Hartmann , Alexander Koller