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As large language models (LLMs) become increasingly integrated into daily life, audio has emerged as a key interface for human-AI interaction. However, this convenience also introduces new vulnerabilities, making audio a potential attack…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Hiskias Dingeto , Taeyoun Kwon , Dasol Choi , Bodam Kim , DongGeon Lee , Haon Park , JaeHoon Lee , Jongho Shin

Generative large language models (LLMs) have achieved state-of-the-art results on a wide range of tasks, yet they remain susceptible to backdoor attacks: carefully crafted triggers in the input can manipulate the model to produce…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Yige Li , Hanxun Huang , Yunhan Zhao , Xingjun Ma , Jun Sun

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate outstanding performance in their reservoir of knowledge and understanding capabilities, but they have also been shown to be prone to illegal or unethical reactions when subjected to jailbreak…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Fengxiang Wang , Ranjie Duan , Peng Xiao , Xiaojun Jia , Shiji Zhao , Cheng Wei , YueFeng Chen , Chongwen Wang , Jialing Tao , Hang Su , Jun Zhu , Hui Xue

The rapid expansion of research on Large Language Model (LLM) safety and robustness has produced a fragmented and oftentimes buggy ecosystem of implementations, datasets, and evaluation methods. This fragmentation makes reproducibility and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Tim Beyer , Jonas Dornbusch , Jakob Steimle , Moritz Ladenburger , Leo Schwinn , Stephan Günnemann

As large language models (LLMs) become integral to various applications, ensuring both their safety and utility is paramount. Jailbreak attacks, which manipulate LLMs into generating harmful content, pose significant challenges to this…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Guobin Shen , Dongcheng Zhao , Yiting Dong , Xiang He , Yi Zeng

Jailbreaking is an emerging adversarial attack that bypasses the safety alignment deployed in off-the-shelf large language models (LLMs). A considerable amount of research exists proposing more effective jailbreak attacks, including the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Daoyuan Wu , Shuai Wang , Yang Liu , Ning Liu

Large Audio-Language Models (LALMs) have demonstrated strong performance in audio understanding and generation. Yet, our extensive benchmarking reveals that their behavior is largely generic (e.g., summarizing spoken content) and fails to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Yuwen Wang , Xinyuan Qian , Tian-Hao Zhang , Jiaran Gao , Yuchen Pan , Xin Wang , Zhou Pan , Chen Wei , Yiming Wang

Despite extensive pre-training in moral alignment to prevent generating harmful information, large language models (LLMs) remain vulnerable to jailbreak attacks. In this paper, we propose AutoDefense, a multi-agent defense framework that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-15 Yifan Zeng , Yiran Wu , Xiao Zhang , Huazheng Wang , Qingyun Wu

Jailbreak vulnerabilities in Large Language Models (LLMs) refer to methods that extract malicious content from the model by carefully crafting prompts or suffixes, which has garnered significant attention from the research community.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Lijia Lv , Weigang Zhang , Xuehai Tang , Jie Wen , Feng Liu , Jizhong Han , Songlin Hu

Large language models (LLMs) have seen widespread applications across various domains, yet remain vulnerable to adversarial prompt injections. While most existing research on jailbreak attacks and hallucination phenomena has focused…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Linghan Huang , Haolin Jin , Zhaoge Bi , Pengyue Yang , Peizhou Zhao , Taozhao Chen , Xiongfei Wu , Lei Ma , Huaming Chen

Large Audio Language Models (LALMs) are rapidly advancing, but evaluating them remains challenging due to inefficient and non-standardized toolkits that limit fair comparison and systematic assessment. Existing evaluation frameworks exhibit…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have seen widespread applications across various domains due to their growing ability to process diverse types of input data, including text, audio, image and video. While LLMs have demonstrated outstanding…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Chun Wai Chiu , Linghan Huang , Bo Li , Huaming Chen , Kim-Kwang Raymond Choo

The rapid evolution of artificial intelligence (AI) through developments in Large Language Models (LLMs) and Vision-Language Models (VLMs) has brought significant advancements across various technological domains. While these models enhance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Haibo Jin , Leyang Hu , Xinnuo Li , Peiyan Zhang , Chonghan Chen , Jun Zhuang , Haohan Wang

The rapid proliferation of large language models (LLMs) in applications targeting children and adolescents necessitates a fundamental reassessment of prevailing AI safety frameworks, which are largely tailored to adult users and neglect the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Wenpeng Xing , Lanyi Wei , Haixiao Hu , Jingyi Yu , Rongchang Li , Mohan Li , Changting Lin , Meng Han

The aligned Large Language Models (LLMs) are powerful language understanding and decision-making tools that are created through extensive alignment with human feedback. However, these large models remain susceptible to jailbreak attacks,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-22 Xiaogeng Liu , Nan Xu , Muhao Chen , Chaowei Xiao

The rise of Omni-modal Large Language Models (OLLMs), which integrate visual and auditory processing with text, necessitates robust safety evaluations to mitigate harmful outputs. However, no dedicated benchmarks currently exist for OLLMs,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Leyi Pan , Zheyu Fu , Yunpeng Zhai , Shuchang Tao , Sheng Guan , Shiyu Huang , Lingzhe Zhang , Zhaoyang Liu , Bolin Ding , Felix Henry , Aiwei Liu , Lijie Wen

Safety alignment of Large Language Models (LLMs) can be compromised with manual jailbreak attacks and (automatic) adversarial attacks. Recent studies suggest that defending against these attacks is possible: adversarial attacks generate…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Sicheng Zhu , Ruiyi Zhang , Bang An , Gang Wu , Joe Barrow , Zichao Wang , Furong Huang , Ani Nenkova , Tong Sun

Large Language Models (LLMs), like ChatGPT, have demonstrated vast potential but also introduce challenges related to content constraints and potential misuse. Our study investigates three key research questions: (1) the number of different…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Yi Liu , Gelei Deng , Zhengzi Xu , Yuekang Li , Yaowen Zheng , Ying Zhang , Lida Zhao , Tianwei Zhang , Kailong Wang , Yang Liu

With the rise of generative large language models (LLMs) like LLaMA and ChatGPT, these models have significantly transformed daily life and work by providing advanced insights. However, as jailbreak attacks continue to circumvent built-in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Wuyuao Mai , Geng Hong , Pei Chen , Xudong Pan , Baojun Liu , Yuan Zhang , Haixin Duan , Min Yang

Large Language Models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT and GPT-4, are designed to provide useful and safe responses. However, adversarial prompts known as 'jailbreaks' can circumvent safeguards, leading LLMs to generate potentially harmful content.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Peng Ding , Jun Kuang , Dan Ma , Xuezhi Cao , Yunsen Xian , Jiajun Chen , Shujian Huang