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Speculative decoding accelerates large language model (LLM) inference by allowing a small draft model to predict multiple future tokens for verification by a larger target model. In AI-native radio access networks (AI-RAN), this enables…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-13 Ce Zheng , Ke Zhang , Chen Sun , Wenqi Zhang , Qiong Liu , Angesom Ataklity Tesfay

Speculative decoding accelerates large language model inference using a smaller draft model. In this paper, we establish a surprising connection between speculative decoding and channel simulation, which aims at simulating a noisy channel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Szymon Kobus , Deniz Gündüz

Scaling the size of language models to tens of billions of parameters has led to impressive performance on a wide range of tasks. At generation, these models are used auto-regressively, requiring a forward pass for each generated token, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-23 Giovanni Monea , Armand Joulin , Edouard Grave

Speculative decoding (SD) has emerged as a method to accelerate LLM inference without sacrificing any accuracy over the 16-bit model inference. In a typical SD setup, the idea is to use a full-precision, small, fast model as "draft" to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Evangelos Georganas , Dhiraj Kalamkar , Alexander Kozlov , Alexander Heinecke

This paper focuses on reducing memory usage in enumerative model checking, while maintaining the multi-core scalability obtained in earlier work. We present a tree-based multi-core compression method, which works by leveraging sharing among…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2011-05-17 Alfons Laarman , Jaco van de Pol , Michael Weber

State Space Models (SSMs) have emerged as an efficient alternative to the transformer architecture. Recent studies show that SSMs can match or surpass Transformers on code understanding tasks, such as code retrieval, when trained under…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Jiali Wu , Abhinav Anand , Shweta Verma , Mira Mezini

Speculative decoding has emerged as a widely adopted paradigm for accelerating large language model inference, where a lightweight draft model rapidly generates candidate tokens that are then verified in parallel by a larger target model.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Yu-Yang Qian , Hao-Cong Wu , Yichao Fu , Hao Zhang , Peng Zhao

The Binary Space Partitioning-Tree~(BSP-Tree) process was recently proposed as an efficient strategy for space partitioning tasks. Because it uses more than one dimension to partition the space, the BSP-Tree Process is more efficient and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-03-03 Xuhui Fan , Bin Li , Scott A. Sisson

Speculative decoding aims to speed up autoregressive generation of a language model by verifying in parallel the tokens generated by a smaller draft model.In this work, we explore the effectiveness of learning-free, negligible-cost draft…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-07 Lawrence Stewart , Matthew Trager , Sujan Kumar Gonugondla , Stefano Soatto

LLM deployment on resource-constrained edge devices faces severe latency constraints, particularly in real-time applications where delayed responses can compromise safety or usability. Among many approaches to mitigate the inefficiencies of…

Speculative decoding can significantly accelerate LLM inference, especially given that its cloud-edge collaborative deployment offers cloud workload offloading, offline robustness, and privacy enhancement. However, existing collaborative…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Yunhe Han , Yunqi Gao , Bing Hu , Mahdi Boloursaz Mashhadi , Yitong Duan , Pei Xiao , Yanfeng Zhang

Encoder pre-training is promising in end-to-end Speech Translation (ST), given the fact that speech-to-translation data is scarce. But ST encoders are not simple instances of Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) or Machine Translation (MT)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-16 Chen Xu , Bojie Hu , Yanyang Li , Yuhao Zhang , shen huang , Qi Ju , Tong Xiao , Jingbo Zhu

Guessing Random Additive Noise Decoding (GRAND) and its variants, known for their near-maximum likelihood performance, have been introduced in recent years. One such variant, Segmented GRAND, reduces decoding complexity by generating only…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Lukas Rapp , Jiewei Feng , Muriel Médard , Ken R. Duffy

Machine learning (ML) is increasingly being deployed in programmable data planes (switches and SmartNICs) to enable real-time traffic analysis, security monitoring, and in-network decision-making. Decision trees (DTs) are particularly…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Murayyiam Parvez , Annus Zulfiqar , Roman Beltiukov , Shir Landau Feibish , Walter Willinger , Arpit Gupta , Muhammad Shahbaz

Network coding is famous for significantly improving the throughput of networks. The successful decoding of the network coded data relies on some side information of the original data. In that framework, independent data flows are usually…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2015-05-22 Zhengchuan Chen , Ke Xiong , Pingyi Fan , Chen Chen

Continuous visual autoregressive (AR) models have demonstrated promising performance in image generation. However, the heavy autoregressive inference burden imposes significant overhead. In Large Language Models (LLMs), speculative decoding…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Zili Wang , Robert Zhang , Kun Ding , Qi Yang , Fei Li , Shiming Xiang

Speculative decoding has proven to be an efficient solution to large language model (LLM) inference, where the small drafter predicts future tokens at a low cost, and the target model is leveraged to verify them in parallel. However, most…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Zilin Xiao , Hongming Zhang , Tao Ge , Siru Ouyang , Vicente Ordonez , Dong Yu

Speculative decoding accelerates autoregressive generation by letting a lightweight draft model propose future tokens that a larger target model then verifies in parallel. In practice, however, draft models are usually trained on broad…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Mohamad Zbib , Mohamad Bazzi , Ammar Mohanna , Hasan Abed Al Kader Hammoud , Bernard Ghanem

Application of the turbo principle to multiuser decoding results in an exchange of probability distributions between two sets of constraints. Firstly, constraints imposed by the multiple-access channel, and secondly, individual constraints…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2007-07-13 Adriel Kind , Alex Grant

Diffusion LLMs (dLLMs) have recently emerged as a powerful alternative to autoregressive LLMs (AR-LLMs) with the potential to operate at significantly higher token generation rates. However, currently available open-source dLLMs often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Sudhanshu Agrawal , Risheek Garrepalli , Raghavv Goel , Mingu Lee , Christopher Lott , Fatih Porikli
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