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Related papers: Scaling Low-Resource MT via Synthetic Data Generat…

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Large language models (LLMs) achieve strong performance across diverse tasks, largely driven by high-quality web data used in pre-training. However, recent studies indicate this data source is rapidly depleting. Synthetic data emerges as a…

LLMs are powerful generators of synthetic data, which are used for training smaller, specific models. This is especially valuable for low-resource languages, where human-labelled data is scarce but LLMs can still produce high-quality text.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Jan Cegin , Branislav Pecher , Ivan Srba , Jakub Simko

The increasing use of synthetic data generated by Large Language Models (LLMs) presents both opportunities and challenges in data-driven applications. While synthetic data provides a cost-effective, scalable alternative to real-world data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Tevin Atwal , Chan Nam Tieu , Yefeng Yuan , Zhan Shi , Yuhong Liu , Liang Cheng

We conduct an empirical study of neural machine translation (NMT) for truly low-resource languages, and propose a training curriculum fit for cases when both parallel training data and compute resource are lacking, reflecting the reality of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-30 Garry Kuwanto , Afra Feyza Akyürek , Isidora Chara Tourni , Siyang Li , Alexander Gregory Jones , Derry Wijaya

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has been shown to significantly boost reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) in math, coding, and multi-hop reasoning tasks. However, RL fine-tuning requires abundant high-quality verifiable data,…

The availability of parallel texts is crucial to the performance of machine translation models. However, most of the world's languages face the predominant challenge of data scarcity. In this paper, we propose strategies to synthesize…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Md Mahfuz Ibn Alam , Sina Ahmadi , Antonios Anastasopoulos

Existing approaches to multilingual text detoxification are hampered by the scarcity of parallel multilingual datasets. In this work, we introduce a pipeline for the generation of multilingual parallel detoxification data. We also introduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Daniil Moskovskiy , Nikita Sushko , Sergey Pletenev , Elena Tutubalina , Alexander Panchenko

Even with the latest developments in deep learning and large-scale language modeling, the task of machine translation (MT) of low-resource languages remains a challenge. Neural MT systems can be trained in an unsupervised way without any…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Ivana Kvapilíková , Ondřej Bojar

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as powerful tools for generating data across various modalities. By transforming data from a scarce resource into a controllable asset, LLMs mitigate the bottlenecks imposed by the acquisition costs…

Traditionally, success in multilingual machine translation can be attributed to three key factors in training data: large volume, diverse translation directions, and high quality. In the current practice of fine-tuning large language models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Dawei Zhu , Pinzhen Chen , Miaoran Zhang , Barry Haddow , Xiaoyu Shen , Dietrich Klakow

In this paper, we propose to extend the recently introduced model-agnostic meta-learning algorithm (MAML) for low-resource neural machine translation (NMT). We frame low-resource translation as a meta-learning problem, and we learn to adapt…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-08-28 Jiatao Gu , Yong Wang , Yun Chen , Kyunghyun Cho , Victor O. K. Li

The advent of Multilingual Language Models (MLLMs) and Large Language Models has spawned innovation in many areas of natural language processing. Despite the exciting potential of this technology, its impact on developing high-quality…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-06 Séamus Lankford , Haithem Afli , Andy Way

Large Language Models (LLMs) struggle with long-context reasoning, not only due to the quadratic scaling of computational complexity with sequence length but also because of the scarcity and expense of annotating long-context data. There…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Linda He , Jue Wang , Maurice Weber , Shang Zhu , Ben Athiwaratkun , Ce Zhang

Achieving universal translation between all human language pairs is the holy-grail of machine translation (MT) research. While recent progress in massively multilingual MT is one step closer to reaching this goal, it is becoming evident…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-14 Aditya Siddhant , Ankur Bapna , Orhan Firat , Yuan Cao , Mia Xu Chen , Isaac Caswell , Xavier Garcia

We investigate the usefulness of generative Large Language Models (LLMs) in generating training data for cross-encoder re-rankers in a novel direction: generating synthetic documents instead of synthetic queries. We introduce a new dataset,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-05-04 Arian Askari , Mohammad Aliannejadi , Evangelos Kanoulas , Suzan Verberne

When developing text classification models for real world applications, one major challenge is the difficulty to collect sufficient data for all text classes. In this work, we address this challenge by utilizing large language models (LLMs)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Chenhao Xue , Yuanzhe Jin , Adrian Carrasco-Revilla , Joyraj Chakraborty , Min Chen

Low-resource indigenous languages often lack the parallel corpora required for effective neural machine translation (NMT). Synthetic data generation offers a practical strategy for mitigating this limitation in data-scarce settings. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Aashish Dhawan , Christopher Driggers-Ellis , Christan Grant , Daisy Zhe Wang

\textbf{RE}trieval-\textbf{A}ugmented \textbf{L}LM-based \textbf{M}achine \textbf{T}ranslation (REAL-MT) shows promise for knowledge-intensive tasks like idiomatic translation, but its reliability under noisy retrieval contexts remains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Yanming Sun , Runzhe Zhan , Chi Seng Cheang , Han Wu , Xuebo Liu , Yuyao Niu , Fengying Ye , Kaixin Lan , Lidia S. Chao , Derek F. Wong

Cutting-edge LLMs have emerged as powerful tools for multilingual communication and understanding. However, LLMs perform worse in Common Sense Reasoning (CSR) tasks when prompted in low-resource languages (LRLs) like Hindi or Swahili…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Tanay Nagar , Grigorii Khvatskii , Anna Sokol , Nitesh V. Chawla

Data curation is a critical yet under-researched step in the machine translation training paradigm. To train translation systems, data acquisition relies primarily on human translations and digital parallel sources or, to a limited degree,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Saumitra Yadav , Manish Shrivastava