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As a variety of automated collision prevention systems gain presence within personal vehicles, rating and differentiating the automated safety performance of car models has become increasingly important for consumers, manufacturers, and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-11-28 Luigi Di Lillo , Andrea Triscari , Xilin Zhou , Robert Dyro , Ruolin Li , Marco Pavone

Simulation-based testing has become a crucial complement to road testing for ensuring the safety of cyber physical systems (CPS). As a result, significant research efforts have been directed toward identifying failure scenarios within…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Edward Kim , Devan Shanker , Varun Bharadwaj , Hongbeen Park , Jinkyu Kim , Hazem Torfah , Daniel J Fremont , Sanjit A Seshia

Safe deployment of self-driving cars (SDC) necessitates thorough simulated and in-field testing. Most testing techniques consider virtualized SDCs within a simulation environment, whereas less effort has been directed towards assessing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-08-26 Andrea Stocco , Brian Pulfer , Paolo Tonella

This paper studies the class of scenario-based safety testing algorithms in the black-box safety testing configuration. For algorithms sharing the same state-action set coverage with different sampling distributions, it is commonly believed…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Bowen Weng , Guillermo A. Castillo , Wei Zhang , Ayonga Hereid

The usage of environment sensor models for virtual testing is a promising approach to reduce the testing effort of autonomous driving. However, in order to deduce any statements regarding the performance of an autonomous driving function…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-22 Anthony Ngo , Max Paul Bauer , Michael Resch

Safety validation is a crucial component in the development and deployment of autonomous systems, such as self-driving vehicles and robotic systems. Ensuring safe operation necessitates extensive testing and verification of control…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-11 Ali Baheri , Mykel J. Kochenderfer

Safety-critical scenarios are essential for the development of autonomous vehicles (AVs) but are rare in real-world driving data. While simulation offers a way to generate such scenarios, manually designed test cases lack scalability, and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Zimu Gong , Brian Zhaoning Zhang , Chris Zhang , Kelvin Wong , Raquel Urtasun

The widescale deployment of Autonomous Vehicles (AV) appears to be imminent despite many safety challenges that are yet to be resolved. It is well-known that there are no universally agreed Verification and Validation (VV) methodologies…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-11-17 Dhanoop Karunakaran , Stewart Worrall , Eduardo Nebot

Driven by steady progress in deep generative modeling, simulation-based inference (SBI) has emerged as the workhorse for inferring the parameters of stochastic simulators. However, recent work has demonstrated that model misspecification…

To date, hundreds of crashes have occurred in open road testing of automated vehicles (AVs), highlighting the need for improving AV reliability and safety. Pre-crash scenario typology classifies crashes based on vehicle dynamics and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Yixuan Li , Xuesong Wang , Tianyi Wang , Qian Liu

Automated Driving Systems (ADSs) have seen rapid progress in recent years. To ensure the safety and reliability of these systems, extensive testings are being conducted before their future mass deployment. Testing the system on the road is…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-12-03 Ziyuan Zhong , Yun Tang , Yuan Zhou , Vania de Oliveira Neves , Yang Liu , Baishakhi Ray

Equivalence tests, otherwise known as parity or similarity tests, are frequently used in ``bioequivalence studies" to establish practical equivalence rather than the usual statistical significant difference. In this article, we propose an…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-07-29 Daniel Ochieng

Verification and validation are major challenges for developing automated driving systems. A concept that gets more and more recognized for testing in automated driving is scenario-based testing. However, it introduces the problem of what…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-05-18 Barbara Schütt , Marc Heinrich , Sonja Marahrens , J. Marius Zöllner , Eric Sax

Implementing Bayesian inference is often computationally challenging in applications involving complex models, and sometimes calculating the likelihood itself is difficult. Synthetic likelihood is one approach for carrying out inference…

Computation · Statistics 2021-03-15 David T. Frazier , David J. Nott , Christopher Drovandi , Robert Kohn

Driving simulation plays a crucial role in developing reliable driving agents by providing controlled, evaluative environments. To enable meaningful assessments, a high-quality driving simulator must satisfy several key requirements:…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Junzhe Jiang , Nan Song , Jingyu Li , Xiatian Zhu , Li Zhang

In the field of autonomous driving research, the use of immersive virtual reality (VR) techniques is widespread to enable a variety of studies under safe and controlled conditions. However, this methodology is only valid and consistent if…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Sergio. Martín Serrano , Rubén Izquierdo , Iván García Daza , Miguel Ángel Sotelo , D. Fernández Llorca

Scenario-based testing has become a promising approach to overcome the complexity of real-world traffic for safety assurance of automated vehicles. Within scenario-based testing, a system under test is confronted with a set of predefined…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Christoph Glasmacher , Hendrik Weber , Lutz Eckstein

An open question in autonomous driving is how best to use simulation to validate the safety of autonomous vehicles. Existing techniques rely on simulated rollouts, which can be inefficient for finding rare failure events, while other…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-06-29 Anthony Corso , Ritchie Lee , Mykel J. Kochenderfer

Even though virtual testing of Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) has been well recognized as essential for safety assessment, AV simulators are still undergoing active development. One particularly challenging question is to effectively include the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-02-28 Andrea Piazzoni , Jim Cherian , Justin Dauwels , Lap-Pui Chau

For software interacting directly with real-world end-users, it is common practice to script scenario tests validating the system's compliance with a number of its features. However, these do not accommodate the replication of the type of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-08-26 Pasquale Salza , Marco Edoardo Palma , Harald C. Gall