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Mutation testing is a widely recognized technique for assessing and enhancing the effectiveness of software test suites by introducing deliberate code mutations. However, its application often results in overly large test suites, as…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-12 Mohamed Salah Bouafif , Mohammad Hamdaqa , Edward Zulkoski

Large Language Models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, are increasingly leveraged for generating both traditional software code and spreadsheet logic. Despite their impressive generative capabilities, these models frequently exhibit critical issues…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Simon Thorne , Advait Sarkar

Automated unit test generation is critical for software quality but traditional structure-driven methods often lack the semantic understanding required to produce realistic inputs and oracles. Large language models (LLMs) address this…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Bei Chu , Yang Feng , Kui Liu , Zhaoqiang Guo , Yichi Zhang , Hange Shi , Zifan Nan , Baowen Xu

The rapid evolution of Large Language Models (LLMs) has strongly impacted software engineering, leading to a growing number of studies on automated unit test generation. However, the standalone use of LLMs without post-processing has proven…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Michael Konstantinou , Renzo Degiovanni , Mike Papadakis

Test suites tend to grow when software evolves, making it often infeasible to execute all test cases with the allocated testing budgets, especially for large software systems. Test suite minimization (TSM) is employed to improve the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Rongqi Pan , Taher A. Ghaleb , Lionel Briand

Unit testing is essential in detecting bugs in functionally-discrete program units. Manually writing high-quality unit tests is time-consuming and laborious. Although traditional techniques can generate tests with reasonable coverage, they…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Zhiqiang Yuan , Yiling Lou , Mingwei Liu , Shiji Ding , Kaixin Wang , Yixuan Chen , Xin Peng

Database Management Systems (DBMSs) are fundamental infrastructure for modern data-driven applications, where thorough testing with high-quality SQL test cases is essential for ensuring system reliability. Traditional approaches such as…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Yujia Chen , Yingli Zhou , Fangyuan Zhang , Cuiyun Gao

Search-based test generation is guided by feedback from one or more fitness functions - scoring functions that judge solution optimality. Choosing informative fitness functions is crucial to meeting the goals of a tester. Unfortunately,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-08-31 Hussein Almulla , Gregory Gay

Large language models (LLMs) enable the rapid generation of data wrangling scripts based on natural language instructions, but these scripts may not fully adhere to user-specified requirements, necessitating careful inspection and iterative…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Jiajun Zhu , Xinyu Cheng , Zhongsu Luo , Yunfan Zhou , Xinhuan Shu , Di Weng , Yingcai Wu

Language models (LMs) perform well on standardized coding benchmarks but struggle with real-world software engineering tasks such as resolving GitHub issues in SWE-Bench, especially when model parameters are less than 100B. While smaller…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Guangtao Zeng , Maohao Shen , Delin Chen , Zhenting Qi , Subhro Das , Dan Gutfreund , David Cox , Gregory Wornell , Wei Lu , Zhang-Wei Hong , Chuang Gan

Unit tests play a key role in ensuring the correctness of software. However, manually creating unit tests is a laborious task, motivating the need for automation. Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently been applied to this problem,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Max Schäfer , Sarah Nadi , Aryaz Eghbali , Frank Tip

As Large Language Models (LLMs) increasingly generate code in software development, ensuring the quality of LLM-generated code has become important. Traditional testing approaches using Example-based Testing (EBT) often miss edge cases --…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Hidetake Tanaka , Haruto Tanaka , Kazumasa Shimari , Kenichi Matsumoto

Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly advanced automated test generation, yet existing methods often rely on ground-truth code for verification, risking bug propagation and limiting applicability in test-driven development. We…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Hamed Taherkhani , Alireza DaghighFarsoodeh , Mohammad Chowdhury , Hung Viet Pham , Hadi Hemmati

Oversampling is one of the most widely used approaches for addressing imbalanced classification. The core idea is to generate additional minority samples to rebalance the dataset. Most existing methods, such as SMOTE, require converting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Dang Nguyen , Sunil Gupta , Kien Do , Thin Nguyen , Taylor Braund , Alexis Whitton , Svetha Venkatesh

Automated test-generation research overwhelmingly assumes the correctness of focal methods, yet practitioners routinely face non-regression scenarios where the focal method may be defective. A baseline evaluation of EVOSUITE and two leading…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Pengyu Xue , Yuxiang Zhang , Zhen Yang , Xiaoxue Ren , Xiang Li , Pengfei Hu , Linhao Wu , Kainan Li

Issue-reproducing tests fail on buggy code and pass once a patch is applied, thus increasing developers' confidence that the issue has been resolved and will not be re-introduced. However, past research has shown that developers often…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Konstantinos Kitsios , Marco Castelluccio , Alberto Bacchelli

The recent surge of building software systems powered by Large Language Models (LLMs) has led to the development of various testing frameworks, primarily focused on treating prompt templates as the unit of testing. Despite the significant…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Juyeon Yoon , Robert Feldt , Shin Yoo

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to evolve programs and multi-agent systems, yet most existing approaches rely on overwrite-based mutations that maintain only a single candidate at a time. Such methods discard useful…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Kamer Ali Yuksel

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in various tasks, but they rely on carefully crafted prompts that often demand substantial human effort. To automate this process, in this paper, we propose a novel framework for discrete prompt…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Qingyan Guo , Rui Wang , Junliang Guo , Bei Li , Kaitao Song , Xu Tan , Guoqing Liu , Jiang Bian , Yujiu Yang

Large Language Models (LLMs) employ three popular training approaches: Masked Language Models (MLM), Causal Language Models (CLM), and Sequence-to-Sequence Models (seq2seq). However, each approach has its strengths and limitations, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Xuefeng Liu , Songhao Jiang , Bo Li , Rick Stevens