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Understanding what deep network models capture in their learned representations is a fundamental challenge in computer vision. We present a new methodology to understanding such vision models, the Visual Concept Connectome (VCC), which…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-11 Matthew Kowal , Richard P. Wildes , Konstantinos G. Derpanis

The increasing impact of black box models, and particularly of unsupervised ones, comes with an increasing interest in tools to understand and interpret them. In this paper, we consider in particular how to characterise visual groupings…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-29 Iro Laina , Ruth C. Fong , Andrea Vedaldi

The main challenges hindering the adoption of deep learning-based systems in clinical settings are the scarcity of annotated data and the lack of interpretability and trust in these systems. Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs) offer inherent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Cristiano Patrício , Luís F. Teixeira , João C. Neves

Deep learning has achieved remarkable success in image recognition, yet their inherent opacity poses challenges for deployment in critical domains. Concept-based interpretations aim to address this by explaining model reasoning through…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Shizhan Gong , Xiaofan Zhang , Qi Dou

Interpretability is a crucial factor in building reliable models for various medical applications. Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs) enable interpretable image classification by utilizing human-understandable concepts as intermediate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-24 Injae Kim , Jongha Kim , Joonmyung Choi , Hyunwoo J. Kim

Models prone to spurious correlations in training data often produce brittle predictions and introduce unintended biases. Addressing this challenge typically involves methods relying on prior knowledge and group annotation to remove…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Md Rifat Arefin , Yan Zhang , Aristide Baratin , Francesco Locatello , Irina Rish , Dianbo Liu , Kenji Kawaguchi

Unsupervised semantic segmentation requires assigning a label to every pixel without any human annotations. Despite recent advances in self-supervised representation learning for individual images, unsupervised semantic segmentation with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-27 Wenbin He , William Surmeier , Arvind Kumar Shekar , Liang Gou , Liu Ren

The recently advanced unsupervised learning approaches use the siamese-like framework to compare two "views" from the same image for learning representations. Making the two views distinctive is a core to guarantee that unsupervised methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-02-18 Zhiqiang Shen , Zechun Liu , Zhuang Liu , Marios Savvides , Trevor Darrell , Eric Xing

Recent multi-modal contrastive learning models have demonstrated the ability to learn an embedding space suitable for building strong vision classifiers, by leveraging the rich information in large-scale image-caption datasets. Our work…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-09 Yuhui Zhang , Jeff Z. HaoChen , Shih-Cheng Huang , Kuan-Chieh Wang , James Zou , Serena Yeung

Language carries implicit human biases, functioning both as a reflection and a perpetuation of stereotypes that people carry with them. Recently, ML-based NLP methods such as word embeddings have been shown to learn such language biases…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-26 Xavier Ferrer-Aran , Tom van Nuenen , Natalia Criado , Jose M. Such

Modern deep neural networks have now reached human-level performance across a variety of tasks. However, unlike humans they lack the ability to explain their decisions by showing where and telling what concepts guided them. In this work, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Itay Benou , Tammy Riklin-Raviv

Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs) are neural networks designed to conjoin high performance with ante-hoc interpretability. CBMs work by first mapping inputs (e.g., images) to high-level concepts (e.g., visible objects and their properties)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Nicola Debole , Pietro Barbiero , Francesco Giannini , Andrea Passerini , Stefano Teso , Emanuele Marconato

Multimodal pre-trained models, such as CLIP, are popular for zero-shot classification due to their open-vocabulary flexibility and high performance. However, vision-language models, which compute similarity scores between images and class…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Mia Chiquier , Utkarsh Mall , Carl Vondrick

Deep learning representations are often difficult to interpret, which can hinder their deployment in sensitive applications. Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs) have emerged as a promising approach to mitigate this issue by learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Antonio Almudévar , José Miguel Hernández-Lobato , Alfonso Ortega

The success of deep learning in computer vision is rooted in the ability of deep networks to scale up model complexity as demanded by challenging visual tasks. As complexity is increased, so is the need for large amounts of labeled data to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-08-22 Gustav Larsson

This paper proposes an introspective deep metric learning (IDML) framework for uncertainty-aware comparisons of images. Conventional deep metric learning methods focus on learning a discriminative embedding to describe the semantic features…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-20 Chengkun Wang , Wenzhao Zheng , Zheng Zhu , Jie Zhou , Jiwen Lu

Concept bottleneck models (CBMs) are interpretable neural networks that first predict labels for human-interpretable concepts relevant to the prediction task, and then predict the final label based on the concept label predictions. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-28 Kushal Chauhan , Rishabh Tiwari , Jan Freyberg , Pradeep Shenoy , Krishnamurthy Dvijotham

We introduce UViM, a unified approach capable of modeling a wide range of computer vision tasks. In contrast to previous models, UViM has the same functional form for all tasks; it requires no task-specific modifications which require…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-17 Alexander Kolesnikov , André Susano Pinto , Lucas Beyer , Xiaohua Zhai , Jeremiah Harmsen , Neil Houlsby

Machine learning models that first learn a representation of a domain in terms of human-understandable concepts, then use it to make predictions, have been proposed to facilitate interpretation and interaction with models trained on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-08 Isaac Lage , Finale Doshi-Velez

In recent years, Visual Anomaly Detection (VAD) has gained significant attention due to its ability to identify defects using only normal images during training. Many VAD models work without supervision but are still able to provide visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Arianna Stropeni , Valentina Zaccaria , Francesco Borsatti , Davide Dalle Pezze , Manuel Barusco , Gian Antonio Susto