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Converting user interfaces into code (UI2Code) is a crucial step in website development, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive. The automation of UI2Code is essential to streamline this task, beneficial for improving the development…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Fan Wu , Cuiyun Gao , Shuqing Li , Xin-Cheng Wen , Qing Liao

Multimodal Large Language Models have demonstrated exceptional performance in UI2Code tasks, significantly enhancing website development efficiency. However, these tasks incur substantially higher computational overhead than traditional…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Jingyu Xiao , Zhongyi Zhang , Yuxuan Wan , Yintong Huo , Yang Liu , Michael R. Lyu

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated strong performance on the UI-to-code task, which aims to generate UI code from design mock-ups. However, when applied to long and complex websites, they often struggle with…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Jingyu Xiao , Jiantong Qin , Shuoqi Li , Man Ho Lam , Yuxuan Wan , Jen-tse Huang , Yintong Huo , Michael R. Lyu

Large language models (LLMs) struggle to consistently generate UI code that compiles and produces visually relevant designs. Existing approaches to improve generation rely on expensive human feedback or distilling a proprietary model. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Jason Wu , Eldon Schoop , Alan Leung , Titus Barik , Jeffrey P. Bigham , Jeffrey Nichols

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have streamlined front-end interface development by automating code generation. However, these models also introduce challenges in ensuring code quality. Existing approaches struggle to maintain both…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Yunnong Chen , Shixian Ding , YingYing Zhang , Wenkai Chen , Jinzhou Du , Lingyun Sun , Liuqing Chen

In automated UI design generation, a key challenge is the lack of support for iterative processes, as most systems focus solely on end-to-end output. This stems from limited capabilities in interpreting design intent and a lack of…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Mingyue Yuan , Jieshan Chen , Yongquan Hu , Sidong Feng , Mulong Xie , Gelareh Mohammadi , Zhenchang Xing , Aaron Quigley

Websites are critical in today's digital world, with over 1.11 billion currently active and approximately 252,000 new sites launched daily. Converting website layout design into functional UI code is a time-consuming yet indispensable step…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Yuxuan Wan , Chaozheng Wang , Yi Dong , Wenxuan Wang , Shuqing Li , Yintong Huo , Michael R. Lyu

Creating music is iterative, requiring varied methods at each stage. However, existing AI music systems fall short in orchestrating multiple subsystems for diverse needs. To address this gap, we introduce Loop Copilot, a novel system that…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-09-02 Yixiao Zhang , Akira Maezawa , Gus Xia , Kazuhiko Yamamoto , Simon Dixon

MLLM-based GUI agents have demonstrated strong capabilities in complex user interface interaction tasks. However, long-horizon scenarios remain challenging, as these agents are burdened with tasks beyond their intrinsic capabilities,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Zhengxi Lu , Fei Tang , Guangyi Liu , Kaitao Song , Xu Tan , Jin Ma , Wenqi Zhang , Weiming Lu , Jun Xiao , Yueting Zhuang , Yongliang Shen

There has been a widespread emergence of computing devices in the past few years that go beyond the capabilities of traditional desktop computers. These devices have varying input/output characteristics, modalities and interaction…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Mir Farooq Ali , Manuel A. Perez-Quinones , Marc Abrams

Automating the transformation of user interface (UI) designs into front-end code holds significant promise for accelerating software development and democratizing design workflows. While multimodal large language models (MLLMs) can…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Yilei Jiang , Yaozhi Zheng , Yuxuan Wan , Jiaming Han , Qunzhong Wang , Michael R. Lyu , Xiangyu Yue

Industries such as finance, meteorology, and energy generate vast amounts of data daily. Efficiently managing, processing, and displaying this data requires specialized expertise and is often tedious and repetitive. Leveraging large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Wenqi Zhang , Yongliang Shen , Zeqi Tan , Guiyang Hou , Weiming Lu , Yueting Zhuang

Large language models (LLMs) have brought exciting new advances to mobile UI agents, a long-standing research field that aims to complete arbitrary natural language tasks through mobile UI interactions. However, existing UI agents usually…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Hao Wen , Shizuo Tian , Borislav Pavlov , Wenjie Du , Yixuan Li , Ge Chang , Shanhui Zhao , Jiacheng Liu , Yunxin Liu , Ya-Qin Zhang , Yuanchun Li

Feedback is crucial for every design process, such as user interface (UI) design, and automating design critiques can significantly improve the efficiency of the design workflow. Although existing multimodal large language models (LLMs)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Peitong Duan , Chin-Yi Cheng , Bjoern Hartmann , Yang Li

The design process of user interfaces (UIs) often begins with articulating high-level design goals. Translating these high-level design goals into concrete design mock-ups, however, requires extensive effort and UI design expertise. To…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-10-18 Forrest Huang , Gang Li , Xin Zhou , John F. Canny , Yang Li

We introduce ComfyUI-Copilot, a large language model-powered plugin designed to enhance the usability and efficiency of ComfyUI, an open-source platform for AI-driven art creation. Despite its flexibility and user-friendly interface,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Zhenran Xu , Xue Yang , Yiyu Wang , Qingli Hu , Zijiao Wu , Longyue Wang , Weihua Luo , Kaifu Zhang , Baotian Hu , Min Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) are remarkably good at writing code. A particularly valuable case of human-LLM collaboration is code-based UI prototyping, a method for creating interactive prototypes that allows users to view and fully engage…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-07-12 Jenny Ma , Karthik Sreedhar , Vivian Liu , Sitong Wang , Pedro Alejandro Perez , Lydia B. Chilton

Although Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have been widely applied across domains, they are still facing challenges in domain-specific tasks, such as User Interface (UI) understanding accuracy and UI generation quality. In this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Hao Yang , Weijie Qiu , Ru Zhang , Zhou Fang , Ruichao Mao , Xiaoyu Lin , Maji Huang , Zhaosong Huang , Teng Guo , Shuoyang Liu , Hai Rao

Automatically generating webpage code from webpage designs can significantly reduce the workload of front-end developers, and recent Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have shown promising potential in this area. However, our…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Yi Gui , Zhen Li , Yao Wan , Yemin Shi , Hongyu Zhang , Yi Su , Bohua Chen , Dongping Chen , Siyuan Wu , Xing Zhou , Wenbin Jiang , Hai Jin , Xiangliang Zhang

Large Language Model (LLM)-based in-application assistants, or copilots, can automate software tasks, but users often prefer learning by doing, raising questions about the optimal level of automation for an effective user experience. We…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Anjali Khurana , Xiaotian Su , April Yi Wang , Parmit K Chilana
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