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For the Boltzmann equation with cutoff hard potentials, we construct the unique global solution converging with an exponential rate in large time to global Maxwellians not only for the specular reflection boundary condition with the bounded…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2020-11-04 Renjun Duan , Gyounghun Ko , Donghyun Lee

The Boltzmann collision operator for a dilute granular gas of inelastic rough hard spheres is much more intricate than its counterpart for inelastic smooth spheres. Now the one-body distribution function depends not only on the…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2014-11-10 Andrés Santos

We consider a classical system of point particles interacting by means of a short range potential. We prove that, in the low--density (Boltzmann--Grad) limit, the system behaves, for short times, as predicted by the associated Boltzmann…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2016-11-28 Mario Pulvirenti , Chiara Saffirio , Sergio Simonella

Ideal gases can be modeled by the Boltzmann equation from statistical physics. Instead of trying to track the position and velocity of a large number of gas molecules, it is possible to describe the particles with a particle distribution…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-11-27 Vienna B. Rossmanith

Restricted Boltzmann Machines are key tools in Machine Learning and are described by the energy function of bipartite spin-glasses. From a statistical mechanical perspective, they share the same Gibbs measure of Hopfield networks for…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2017-08-02 Elena Agliari , Adriano Barra , Chiara Longo , Daniele Tantari

Direct numerical integrations of the two-dimensional Fokker-Planck equation are carried out for compact objects orbiting a supermassive black hole (SBH) at the center of a galaxy. As in Papers I-III, the diffusion coefficients incorporate…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2016-03-01 David Merritt

We are interested in solving the Boltzmann equation of chemically reacting rarefied gas flows using the Grad's-14 moment method. We first propose a novel mathematical model that describes the collision dynamics of chemically reacting hard…

Computational Physics · Physics 2021-04-28 Neeraj Sarna , Georgii Oblapenko , Manuel Torrilhon

The spatially homogeneous Boltzmann equation with hard potentials is considered for measure valued initial data having finite mass and energy. We prove the existence of \emph{weak measure solutions}, with and without angular cutoff on the…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2012-02-22 Xuguang Lu , Clément Mouhot

In our previous paper (Hunana et al. 2022) we have employed the Landau collisional operator together with the moment method of Grad and considered various generalizations of the Braginskii model, such as a multi-fluid formulation of the 21-…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2025-06-12 P. Hunana

We consider the spatially inhomogeneous non-cutoff Boltzmann equation with hard potentials in the non-perturbative setting. For initial data with polynomial decay in the velocity variable, we establish the local-in-time existence and…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2026-02-24 Hao-Guang Li , Wei-Xi Li , Chao-Jiang Xu

Numerically solving the Boltzmann kinetic equations with the small Knudsen number is challenging due to the stiff nonlinear collision term. A class of asymptotic preserving schemes was introduced in [6] to handle this kind of problems. The…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2010-09-20 Francis Filbet , Jingwei Hu , Shi Jin

We consider the rate of convergence of solutions of spatially inhomogenous Boltzmann equations, with hard sphere potentials, to some equilibriums, called Maxwellians. Maxwellians are spatially homogenous static Maxwell velocity…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2019-08-26 Zhou Gang

We study steady solutions to the relativistic Boltzmann equation with hard-sphere interactions in a slab geometry. Under a spatial symmetry assumption in the transverse variables $x_2$ and $x_3$, the problem reduces to a one-dimensional…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2026-03-17 Jin Woo Jang , Seok-Bae Yun

This paper considers a system of Boltzmann equations modelling the mixture of monatomic and polyatomic gases in an $L^{2}-L^{\infty}$ perturbation theory around global modified Maxwellians accounting for the internal energy of the mixture…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2025-11-20 Ricardo Alonso , Zongguang Li

We provide a linear analysis on normal modes of the spin Boltzmann equation proposed in \cite{Weickgenannt:2021cuo}, where the non-diagonal or polarized part of the transition rate is neglected to ensure the Hermitian property of linearized…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2022-08-17 Jin Hu

The goal of this paper is to extend the existence result of measure-valued solution to the Boltzmann equation in elastic interaction, given by Morimoto-Wang-Yang, to the inelastic Boltzmann equation with moderately soft potentials, also as…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2021-05-19 Kunlun Qi

The Boltzmann equation for inelastic and rough hard spheres is considered as a model of a dilute granular gas. In this model, the collisions are characterized by constant coefficients of normal and tangential restitution and hence the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2014-09-03 Gilberto M. Kremer , Andrés Santos , Vicente Garzó

We develop the regularity theory of the spatially homogeneous Boltzmann equation with cut-off and hard potentials (for instance, hard spheres), by (i) revisiting the Lp-theory to obtain constructive bounds, (ii) establishing propagation of…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2016-08-16 Clément Mouhot , Cédric Villani

We show that deletion of the loss part of the collision term in all physically relevant versions of the Boltzmann equation, including the relativistic case, will in general lead to blowup in finite time of a solution and hence prevent…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2011-11-09 Hakan Andreasson , Simone Calogero , Reinhard Illner

For a general class of linear collisional kinetic models in the torus, including in particular the linearized Boltzmann equation for hard spheres, the linearized Landau equation with hard and moderately soft potentials and the…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2016-08-16 Clément Mouhot , Lukas Neumann